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This paper presents a novel learning framework to construct Koopman eigenfunctions for unknown, nonlinear dynamics using data gathered from experiments. The learning framework can extract spectral information from the full nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Carl Folkestad , Daniel Pastor , Igor Mezic , Ryan Mohr , Maria Fonoberova , Joel Burdick

The Koopman operator provides a principled framework for analyzing nonlinear dynamical systems through linear operator theory. Recent advances in dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) have shown that trajectory data can be used to identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Minchan Jeong , J. Jon Ryu , Se-Young Yun , Gregory W. Wornell

This paper explores the integration of symmetries into the Koopman-operator framework for the analysis and efficient learning of equivariant dynamical systems using a group-convolutional approach. Approximating the Koopman operator by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Hans Harder , Feliks Nüske , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Sebastian Peitz

This paper describes a method for learning low-dimensional approximations of nonlinear dynamical systems, based on neural-network approximations of the underlying Koopman operator. Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) provides a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Samuel E. Otto , Clarence W. Rowley

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a well-established method to generate a data-driven approximation of the Koopman operator for analysis and prediction of nonlinear dynamical systems. Recently, kernel EDMD (kEDMD) has gained…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Frederik Köhne , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Anton Schiela , Karl Worthmann

In this work, we explore finite-dimensional linear representations of nonlinear dynamical systems by restricting the Koopman operator to an invariant subspace. The Koopman operator is an infinite-dimensional linear operator that evolves…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Steven L. Brunton , Bingni W. Brunton , Joshua L. Proctor , J. Nathan Kutz

Representation of a dynamical system in terms of simplifying modes is a central premise of reduced order modelling and a primary concern of the increasingly popular DMD (dynamic mode decomposition) empirical interpretation of Koopman…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Erik Bollt

Any deterministic autonomous dynamical system may be globally linearized by its' Koopman operator. This object is typically infinite-dimensional and can be approximated by the so-called Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). In DMD, the central…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Gowtham S Seenivasaharagavan , Milan Korda , Hassan Arbabi , Igor Mezić

Data-driven approximations of the Koopman operator are promising for predicting the time evolution of systems characterized by complex dynamics. Among these methods, the approach known as extended dynamic mode decomposition with dictionary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 C. Ricardo Constante-Amores , Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the Koopman operator defined on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) and its spectra. We propose an estimation method, what we call Jet Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (JetEDMD),…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Isao Ishikawa , Yuka Hashimoto , Masahiro Ikeda , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven method of extracting spatial-temporal coherent modes from complex systems and providing an equation-free architecture to model and predict systems. However, in practical applications, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Ningxin Liu , Shuigen Liu , Xin T. Tong , Lijian Jiang

Nonlinear coupled systems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. The analysis and modeling of such systems is challenging due to their high dimensionality and complex interactions among subsystems. In recent years, operator-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tatsuya Naoi , Jun Ohkubo

We derive a data-driven method for the approximation of the Koopman generator called gEDMD, which can be regarded as a straightforward extension of EDMD (extended dynamic mode decomposition). This approach is applicable to deterministic and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Stefan Klus , Feliks Nüske , Sebastian Peitz , Jan-Hendrik Niemann , Cecilia Clementi , Christof Schütte

This paper proposes Koopman operator-based Stochastic Model Predictive Control (K-SMPC) for enhanced lateral control of autonomous vehicles. The Koopman operator is a linear map representing the nonlinear dynamics in an infinite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Jin Sung Kim , Ying Shuai Quan , Chung Choo Chung

We propose an analytical construction of observable functions in the extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) algorithm. EDMD is a numerical method for approximating the spectral properties of the Koopman operator. The choice of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-06 Marcos Netto , Yoshihiko Susuki , Venkat Krishnan , Yingchen Zhang

We study the convergence of Hermitian Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to the spectral properties of self-adjoint Koopman operators. Hermitian DMD is a data-driven method that approximates the Koopman operator associated with an unknown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook

We present an approach to construct approximate Koopman-type decompositions for dynamical systems depending on static or time-varying parameters. Our method simultaneously constructs an invariant subspace and a parametric family of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Yue Guo , Milan Korda , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Qianxiao Li

We present Stochastic Dynamic Mode Decomposition (SDMD), a novel data-driven framework for approximating the Koopman semigroup in stochastic dynamical systems. Unlike existing methods, SDMD explicitly incorporates sampling time into its…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Isao Ishikawa , Yuka Hashimoto , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

Studying nonlinear dynamical systems through their state space behavior can be challenging, and one possible alternative is to analyze them via their associated Koopman operator. This turns the nonlinear problem into a linear,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Erik Lien Bolager , Boumediene Hamzi , Houman Owhadi , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Felix Dietrich

Nonlinear phenomena can be analyzed via linear techniques using operator-theoretic approaches. Data-driven method called the extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) and its variants, which approximate the Koopman operator associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Hiroaki Terao , Sho Shirasaka , Hideyuki Suzuki