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We generalize measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution [ H.-K. Lo, M. Curty, and B. Qi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130503 (2012) ] to the scenario where the Bell-state measurement station contains also heralded quantum memories.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication guaranteed by the laws of physics. The last decades have seen tremendous efforts in making this technology feasible under real-life conditions, with implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sebastian Philipp Neumann , Domenico Ribezzo , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Major obstacles against efficient long distance quantum communication are photon losses during transmission and the probabilistic nature of Bell measurement causing exponential scaling in time and resource with distance. To overcome these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Seung-Woo Lee , Timothy C. Ralph , Hyunseok Jeong

Global-scale quantum networking faces significant technical and scientific obstacles. Quantum repeaters (QRs) have been proposed to overcome the inherent direct transmission range limit through optical fibre. However, QRs are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Mustafa Gündoğan , Jasminder S. Sidhu , Markus Krutzik , Daniel K. L. Oi

Quantum teleportation has proven to be fundamental for many quantum information and communication processes. The core concept can be exploited in many tasks, from the transmission of quantum states, quantum repeaters, to quantum computing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Simone E. D'Aurelio , Matthias J. Bayerbach , Stefanie Barz

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) offers significant potential for long-distance secure communication, benefiting from its quadratic scaling capacity and phase compensation-free characteristic. However, MP-QKD still requires…

Quantum state readout is a key component of quantum technologies, including applications in sensing, computation, and secure communication. Readout fidelity can be enhanced by repeating readouts. However, the number of repeated readouts is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-03 Jeffrey Holzgrafe , Jan Beitner , Dhiren Kara , Helena S. Knowles , Mete Atatüre

The development of quantum repeaters poses significant challenges in terms of cost and maintenance, prompting the exploration of alternative approaches for achieving long-distance quantum communication. In the absence of quantum repeaters…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Memory-assisted quantum key distribution (MA-QKD) has recently been proposed as a technique to improve the rate-versus-distance behavior of QKD systems by using existing, or nearly-achievable, quantum technologies. The promise is that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-26 Nicolo Lo Piparo , Neil Sinclair , Mohsen Razavi

We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Hartmann , B. Kraus , H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür

The distribution of quantum states over long distances is limited by photon loss. Straightforward amplification as in classical telecommunications is not an option in quantum communication because of the no-cloning theorem. This problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-25 Nicolas Sangouard , Christoph Simon , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Gisin

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

Optical telecommunication is at the heart of today's internet and is currently enabled by the transmission of intense optical signals between remote locations. As we look to the future of telecommunication, quantum mechanics promise new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Fabian Furrer , William J. Munro

The maximum distance of quantum communication is limited due to the photon loss and detector noise. Exploiting entanglement swapping, quantum relay could offer ways to extend the achievable distance by increasing the signal to noise ratio.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 An-Ning Zhang , Yu-Ao Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Xiao-Qi Zhou , Zhi Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

The possibility for quantum and classical communication to coexist on the same fibre is important for deployment and widespread adoption of quantum key distribution (QKD) and, more generally, a future quantum internet. While coexistence has…

The quantum repeater protocol is a promising approach to implement long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum networks. A key idea of the quantum repeater protocol is to use long-lived quantum memories to achieve efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-31 Yunfei Pu , Sheng Zhang , Yukai Wu , Nan Jiang , Wei Chang , Chang Li , Luming Duan

Decoherence is detrimental to quantum key distribution (QKD) over large distances. One of the proposed solutions is to use quantum repeaters, which divide the total distance between the users into smaller segments to minimise the effects of…

Using a technique based on quantum teleportation, we simplify the most general adaptive protocols for key distribution, entanglement distillation and quantum communication over a wide class of quantum channels in arbitrary dimension. Thanks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Stefano Pirandola , Riccardo Laurenza

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) offers a promising approach to enhance secret key rates beyond conventional binary-encoded QKD, addressing the growing demand for secure data transmission. However, the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Yang Zhou , Xing-Yu Zhou , Shu-Fan Wu , Qiang Zeng , Zhi-Liang Yuan , Qin Wang