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An increasingly common practice is to train large language models (LLMs) using synthetic data. Often this synthetic data is produced by the same or similar LLMs as those it is being used to train. This raises the question of whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Lingze Zhang , Ellie Pavlick

In this paper, we describe our systems submitted to the Building Educational Applications (BEA) 2019 Shared Task (Bryant et al., 2019). We participated in all three tracks. Our models are NMT systems based on the Transformer model, which we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Jakub Náplava , Milan Straka

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been reported to outperform existing automatic evaluation metrics in some tasks, such as text summarization and machine translation. However, there has been a lack of research on LLMs as evaluators in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Masamune Kobayashi , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

Most existing approaches for zero pronoun resolution are heavily relying on annotated data, which is often released by shared task organizers. Therefore, the lack of annotated data becomes a major obstacle in the progress of zero pronoun…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Ting Liu , Yiming Cui , Qingyu Yin , Weinan Zhang , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

The NLI4CT task assesses Natural Language Inference systems in predicting whether hypotheses entail or contradict evidence from Clinical Trial Reports. In this study, we evaluate various Large Language Models (LLMs) with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Aryo Pradipta Gema , Giwon Hong , Pasquale Minervini , Luke Daines , Beatrice Alex

This study underscores the pivotal role of syntax feedback in augmenting the syntactic proficiency of students. Recognizing the challenges faced by learners in mastering syntactic nuances, we introduce a specialized dataset named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Mehak Mehak , Fatemeh Parsamotamed , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

Self-training has been shown to be helpful in addressing data scarcity for many domains, including vision, speech, and language. Specifically, self-training, or pseudo-labeling, labels unsupervised data and adds that to the training pool.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Mozhdeh Gheini , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Matthias Sperber , Hendra Setiawan

Large Language Models have become the de facto approach to sequence-to-sequence text generation tasks, but for specialized tasks/domains, a pretrained LLM lacks specific capabilities to produce accurate or well-formatted responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller

Foundations of formal languages, as subfield of theoretical computer science, are part of typical upper secondary education curricula. There is very little research on the potential difficulties that students at this level have with this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Marko Schmellenkamp , Dennis Stanglmair , Tilman Michaeli , Thomas Zeume

Synthetic data generated by large language models has become integral to modern NLP training pipelines, from bootstrapping reasoning capabilities to augmenting instruction-following datasets. While recent work demonstrates successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Y. Du , G. Wu , G. Tang , W. Wang , Q. Fan

Error correction techniques have been used to refine the output sentences from automatic speech recognition (ASR) models and achieve a lower word error rate (WER). Previous works usually adopt end-to-end models and has strong dependency on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jiaxin Guo , Minghan Wang , Xiaosong Qiao , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Zongyao Li , Zhengzhe Yu , Yinglu Li , Chang Su , Min Zhang , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a puzzling disparity in their formal linguistic competence: while they learn some linguistic phenomena with near-perfect mastery, they often perform below chance on others, even after training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 H S V N S Kowndinya Renduchintala , Sumit Bhatia

This paper presents an extensive examination of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for embedding domain specific facts into Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on improving the fine-tuning process by categorizing question-answer (QA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shivam Ratnakar , Abhiroop Talasila , Raghav Chamadiya , Nikhil Agarwal , Vinayak K Doifode

Even with the latest developments in deep learning and large-scale language modeling, the task of machine translation (MT) of low-resource languages remains a challenge. Neural MT systems can be trained in an unsupervised way without any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ivana Kvapilíková , Ondřej Bojar

The challenges facing speech recognition systems, such as variations in pronunciations, adverse audio conditions, and the scarcity of labeled data, emphasize the necessity for a post-processing step that corrects recurring errors. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomer Wullach , Shlomo E. Chazan

Designing robust algorithms capable of training accurate neural networks on uncurated datasets from the web has been the subject of much research as it reduces the need for time consuming human labor. The focus of many previous research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Paul Albert , Eric Arazo , Tarun Krishna , Noel E. O'Connor , Kevin McGuinness

Recent pre-trained abstractive summarization systems have started to achieve credible performance, but a major barrier to their use in practice is their propensity to output summaries that are not faithful to the input and that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

Although state-of-the-art Speech Foundational Models can produce high-quality text pseudo-labels, applying Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) for in-the-wild real-world data remains challenging due to its richer and more complex acoustics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Wen Ding , Fan Qian

Automated fact-checking has been a challenging task for the research community. Prior work has explored various strategies, such as end-to-end training, retrieval-augmented generation, and prompt engineering, to build robust fact-checking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Gaurav Kumar , Ayush Garg , Debajyoti Mazumder , Aditya Kishore , Babu kumar , Jasabanta Patro