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Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used tool for materials characterisation. However, being a scanned technique, STEM is susceptible to sample, stage or beam drift, manifesting as distortions within images or…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-23 Matthew Mosse , Jonathan J. P. Peters , Eoin Moynihan , James A. Gott , Ana M. Sanchez , Michele Conroy , Lewys Jones

Deep learning has demonstrated superb efficacy in processing imaging data, yet its suitability in solving challenging inverse problems in scientific imaging has not been fully explored. Of immense interest is the determination of local…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-02-20 Nouamane Laanait , Qian He , Albina Y. Borisevich

Electron microscopy is widely used to explore defects in crystal structures, but human detecting of defects is often time-consuming, error-prone, and unreliable, and is not scalable to large numbers of images or real-time analysis. In this…

Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) is a powerful technique providing for crystal structure solutions of sub-micron sized crystals too small for structure determination via X-ray techniques. The entry requirement, however, of a…

Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) with fast pixelated detectors is a valuable technique for rapid, spatially resolved mapping of lattice structure over a wide range of length scales. However, intensity variations caused by…

The accuracy of the information that can be extracted from electron diffraction patterns is often limited by the presence of optical distortions. Existing distortion characterization techniques typically require knowledge of the reciprocal…

Accurate quantification of the energy distribution of backscattered electrons (BSEs) contributing to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns remains as an active challenge. This study introduces an energy-resolved EBSD methodology…

Accurate temperature measurement at the nanoscale is crucial for thermal management in next-generation microelectronic devices. Existing optical and scanning-probe thermometry techniques face limitations in spatial resolution, accuracy, or…

During the last few years, serial electron crystallography (Serial Electron Diffraction, SerialED) has been gaining attention for the structure determination of crystalline compounds that are sensitive to the irradiation of the electron…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-29 Sergi Plana-Ruiz , Penghan Lu , Govind Ummethala , Rafal Dunin-Borkowski

High-throughput 2D and 3D scanning electron microscopy, which relies on automation and dependable control algorithms, requires high image quality with minimal human intervention. Classical focus and astigmatism correction algorithms attempt…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-10 Philipp Johannes Schubert , Rangoli Saxena , Joergen Kornfeld

Transmission electron diffraction is a powerful and versatile structural probe for the characterization of a broad range of materials, from nanocrystalline thin films to single crystals. With recent developments in fast electron detectors…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-10-06 Jian-Min Zuo , Renliang Yuan , Yu-Tsun Shao , Haw-Wen Hsiao , Saran Pidaparthy , Yang Hu , Qun Yang , Jiong Zhang

In four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) a focused beam is scanned over a specimen and a diffraction pattern is recorded at each position using a pixelated detector. During the experiment, it must be ensured…

Understanding the evolution of dislocation structures during plastic deformation is critical for predicting the mechanical performance of metallic materials. In this work, we applied in situ scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-24 Mikhail Lebyodkin , Maxim Gussev , Jamieson Brechtl , Tatiana Lebedkina

Materials performance is deeply linked to their microstructures, which govern key properties such as strength, durability, and fatigue resistance. EBSD is a major technique for characterizing these microstructures, but acquiring large and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-22 Sterley Labady , Youssef Mesri , Daniel Pino Munoz , Baptiste Flipon , Marc Bernacki

The ability to characterise the three-dimensional microstructure of multiphase materials is essential for understanding the interaction between phases and associated materials properties. Here, laboratory-based diffraction-contrast…

Serial electron diffraction (SerialED) is an emerging technique, which applies the snapshot data-collection mode of serial X-ray crystallography to three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED), forgoing the conventional rotation method.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-11-06 Robert Bücker , Pascal Hogan-Lamarre , R. J. Dwayne Miller

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are critical components in modern electronics, which require stringent quality control to ensure proper functionality. However, the detection of defects in small-scale PCBs images poses significant challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiem HoangVan , Dang Bui Dinh , Thanh Nguyen Canh , Van-Truong Nguyen

Recent interest in structure solution and refinement using electron diffraction (ED) has been fuelled by its inherent advantages when applied to crystals of sub-micron size, as well as a better sensitivity to light elements. Currently, data…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Anton Cleverley , Richard Beanland

High-fidelity electron microscopy simulations required for quantitative crystal structure refinements face a fundamental challenge: while physical interactions are well-described theoretically, real-world experimental effects are…

We present the development of extended diffraction tomography, a new approach to the solution of the linear seismic waveform inversion problem. This method has several appealing features, such as the use of arbitrary depth-dependent…

Geophysics · Physics 2009-05-05 R. B. Schlottmann
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