Related papers: Electromagnetic field expectations as measures of …
Exact ground-state properties are presented by combining the diagonalization in the Fock space (and taking all hopping integrals and all two-site interactions) with the ab initio optimization of the Wannier functions. Electrons are…
The act of measuring optical emissions from two remote qubits can entangle them. By demanding that a photon from each qubit reaches the detectors, one can ensure than no photon was lost. But the failure rate then rises quadratically with…
In this work we extend the Zeldovich formula, which was originally derived for the free electromagnetic field and was interpreted as the number of photons. We show that our extended formula gives a universal dimensionless measure of the…
The center-of-mass position of a single trapped atomic ion is measured and tracked in time with high precision. Employing a near-resonant radio frequency field of wavelength 2.37 cm and a static magnetic field gradient of 19 T/m, the…
The measurement of the position-momentum EPR correlations of a two-photon state is important for many quantum information applications ranging from quantum key distribution to coincidence imaging. However, all the existing techniques for…
Quantum mechanics predicts microscopic phenomena with undeniable success. Nevertheless, current theoretical and experimental efforts still do not yield conclusive evidence that there is, or not, a fundamental limitation on the possibility…
Structured optical fields have led to several ground-breaking techniques in classical imaging and microscopy. At the same time, in the quantum domain, position-momentum entangled photon fields have been shown to have several unique features…
Using the method of retarded potentials approximate formulas are obtained that describe the electromagnetic field outside the relativistic uniform system in the form of a charged sphere rotating at a constant speed. For the near, middle and…
Imposing the Born rule as a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics would require the existence of normalizable wave functions also for relativistic particles. Indeed, the Fourier transforms of normalized k-space amplitudes yield…
Precision measurements of optical phases have many applications in science and technology. Entangled multi-photon states have been suggested for performing such measurements with precision that significantly surpasses the shot-noise limit.…
We review the case for the photon having a tiny mass compatible with the experimental limits. We go over some possible experimental tests for such a photon mass including the violation of Lorentz symmetry. We point out that such violations…
Bohmian mechanics has garnered significant attention as an interpretation of quantum theory since the paradigmatic experiments by Kocsis et. al. [Science 332, 6034 (2011)] and Mahler et. al. [Sci. Adv. 2, 2 (2016)], which inferred the…
Photon is the fundamental quantum of electromagnetic fields, whose mass, $m_{\gamma}$, should be strictly zero in Maxwell's theory. But not all theories adopt this hypothesis. If the rest mass of the photon is not zero, there will be an…
Electromagnetic fields of a massless charged particle are described by a gauge potential that is almost everywhere pure gauge. Solution of quantum mechanical wave equations in the presence of such fields is therefore immediate and leads to…
Measurements of the position of a relativistic particle is considered in the framework of the Restricted-Path-Integral (RPI) approach. The amplitude describing such a measurement is shown to be exponentially small outside the light cone of…
Correlations and measures of entanglement in ground state wavefunctions of relativistic quantum field theories are spatially localized over length scales set by the mass of the lightest particle. We utilize this localization to design…
While the numerical value of the speed of light is known with extraordinary precision, its theoretical definition remains a subject of fundamental interest. We show that the definition of mass and velocity of light follow from the conserved…
We report on the quantification of entanglement by means of entanglement measures on a four- and a six- qubit cluster state realized by using photons entangled both in polarization and linear momentum. This paper also addresss the question…
Using a quantum field theoretic description of the photon it is shown that, as intuitively expected but not before theoretically proven, the vector potential of a photon has a likely amplitude associated with a discrete frequency and…
For nearly a decade, it has been a mystery why the small average number of photons absorbed per atom from an ultrashort laser pulse is able to induce a strong magnetization within a few hundred femtoseconds. Here we resolve this mystery by…