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Given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, define the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number} to be the minimum number of vertices $n$ such that any $k$-edge coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-08 Yaping Mao , Zhao Wang , Colton Magnant , Ingo Schiermeyer

We determine the Ramsey number of a connected clique matching. That is, we show that if $G$ is a $2$-edge-coloured complete graph on $(r^2 - r - 1)n - r + 1$ vertices, then there is a monochromatic connected subgraph containing $n$ disjoint…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Barnaby Roberts

The $r$-color size-Ramsey number of a graph $H$, denoted by $\widehat{R}_r(H)$, is the minimum number of edges in a graph $G$ having the property that every $r$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. Krivelevich…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Louis DeBiasio

An ordered graph $\mathcal{G}$ is a simple graph together with a total ordering on its vertices. The (2-color) Ramsey number of $\mathcal{G}$ is the smallest integer $N$ such that every 2-coloring of the edges of the complete ordered graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Jesse Geneson , Amber Holmes , Xujun Liu , Dana Neidinger , Yanitsa Pehova , Isaac Wass

Let $n\geq\nu$, let $T$ be an $n$-vertex tree with bipartition class sizes $t_1\geq t_2$, and let $S$ be a $\nu$-vertex tree with bipartition class sizes $\tau_1\geq\tau_2$. Using four natural constructions, we show that the Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Jun Yan

A graph $\mathcal{H}=(W,E_\mathcal{H})$ is said to have {\em bandwidth} at most $b$ if there exists a labeling of $W$ as $w_1,w_2,\dots,w_n$ such that $|i-j|\leq b$ for every edge $w_iw_j\in E_\mathcal{H}$. We say that $\mathcal{H}$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Chunlin You , Qizhong Lin

A colored complete graph is said to be Gallai-colored if it contains no rainbow triangle. This property has been shown to be equivalent to the existence of a partition of the vertices (of every induced subgraph) in which at most two colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Colton Magnant , Zhuojun Magnant

Let $G$ be a simple graph with order $n$ and adjacency matrix $\mathbf{A}(G)$. Let $\phi(G; \lambda)=\det(\lambda I-\mathbf{A}(G))=\sum_{i=0}^n\mathbf{a}_i(G)\lambda^{n-i}$ be the characteristic polynomial of $G$, where $\mathbf{a}_i(G)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-11 Shi Cai Gong , Shao Wei Sun

Let $G$, $H$ and $K$ represent three graphs without loops or parallel edges and $n$ represent an integer. Given any red blue coloring of the edges of $G$, we say that $K \rightarrow (G,H)$, if there exists red copy of $G$ in $K$ or a blue…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Chula J. Jayawardene

Consider the following game between two players, Builder and Painter. Builder draws edges one at a time and Painter colours them, in either red or blue, as each appears. Builder's aim is to force Painter to draw a monochromatic copy of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-11 David Conlon

{\it A unit cube in $k$-dimension (or a $k$-cube) is defined as the cartesian product $R_1 \times R_2 \times ... \times R_k$, where each $R_i$ is a closed interval on the real line of the form $[a_i, a_i+1]$. The {\it cubicity} of $G$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-10-16 L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Naveen Sivadasan

The induced Ramsey number $R_{\mathrm{ind}}(H; r)$ of a graph $H$ is the minimum number $N$ such that there exists a graph with $N$ vertices for which all $r$-colourings of its edges contain a monochromatic induced copy of $H$. Our main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Lucas Aragão , Marcelo Campos , Gabriel Dahia , Rafael Filipe , João Pedro Marciano

Given a positive integer $s$, a graph $G$ is $s$-Ramsey for a graph $H$, denoted $G\rightarrow (H)_s$, if every $s$-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The $s$-colour size-Ramsey number ${\hat{r}}_s(H)$ of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-05 Jie Han , Matthew Jenssen , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Barnaby Roberts

Given graphs $G$ and $H$ and a positive integer $k$, the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number}, denoted by $gr_{k}(G : H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every coloring of $K_{n}$ using at most $k$ colors will contain either a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Xihe Li , Pierre Besse , Colton Magnant , Ligong Wang , Noah Watts

For a sequence $(H_i)_{i=1}^k$ of graphs, let $\textrm{nim}(n;H_1,\ldots, H_k)$ denote the maximum number of edges not contained in any monochromatic copy of $H_i$ in colour $i$, for any colour $i$, over all $k$-edge-colourings of~$K_n$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-11 Hong Liu , Oleg Pikhurko , Maryam Sharifzadeh

Let $G$ be a graph and $\Gamma$ a finite abelian group. The zero-sum Ramsey number of $G$ over $\Gamma$, denoted by $R(G, \Gamma)$, is the smallest positive integer $t$ (if it exists) such that any edge-colouring $c:E(K_t)\to\Gamma$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Jasmin Katz , Xiaopan Lian , Alexandru Malekshahian , Andrey Shapiro

Given a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge1$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $GR_k(H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-edge coloring of the complete graph $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Qinghong Zhao , Bing Wei

We study two variations of the Gyarfas--Lehel conjecture on the minimum number of monochromatic components needed to cover an edge-coloured complete bipartite graph. Specifically, we show the following. - For p>> (\log n/n)^{1/2},…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Camila Fernández , Matías Pavez-Signé , Maya Stein

A tree in an edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be a rainbow tree if no two edges on the tree share the same color. Given two positive integers $k$, $\ell$ with $k\geq 3$, the \emph{$(k,\ell)$-rainbow index} $rx_{k,\ell}(G)$ of $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-21 Qingqiong Cai , Xueliang Li , Jiangli Song

The size-Ramsey number of a graph $F$ is the smallest number of edges in a graph $G$ with the Ramsey property for $F$, that is, with the property that any 2-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $F$. We prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Dennis Clemens , Meysam Miralaei , Damian Reding , Mathias Schacht , Anusch Taraz