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Related papers: Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and F…

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There is a broad consensus on the importance of deep learning models in tasks involving complex data. Often, an adequate understanding of these models is required when focusing on the transparency of decisions in human-critical…

Causal inference analysis is the estimation of the effects of actions on outcomes. In the context of healthcare data this means estimating the outcome of counter-factual treatments (i.e. including treatments that were not observed) on a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-21 Yishai Shimoni , Chen Yanover , Ehud Karavani , Yaara Goldschmnidt

In order to monitor and prevent bias in AI systems we can use a wide range of (statistical) fairness measures. However, it is mathematically impossible to optimize for all of these measures at the same time. In addition, optimizing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Stefan Buijsman

Accurate time-to-event prediction is integral to decision-making, informing medical guidelines, hiring decisions, and resource allocation. Survival analysis, the quantitative framework used to model time-to-event data, accounts for patients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vincent Jeanselme , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

Fair machine learning research has been primarily concerned with classification tasks that result in discrimination. However, as machine learning algorithms are applied in new contexts the harms and injustices that result are qualitatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 James Michelson

There are concerns about the fairness of clinical prediction models. 'Fair' models are defined as those for which their performance or predictions are not inappropriately influenced by protected attributes such as ethnicity, gender, or…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-12 Jose Benitez-Aurioles , Alice Joules , Irene Brusini , Niels Peek , Matthew Sperrin

Fairness in decision-making processes is often quantified using probabilistic metrics. However, these metrics may not fully capture the real-world consequences of unfairness. In this article, we adopt a utility-based approach to more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Tolulope Fadina , Thorsten Schmidt

As machine learning algorithms have been widely deployed across applications, many concerns have been raised over the fairness of their predictions, especially in high stakes settings (such as facial recognition and medical imaging). To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Valeriia Cherepanova , Vedant Nanda , Micah Goldblum , John P. Dickerson , Tom Goldstein

With the universal adoption of machine learning in healthcare, the potential for the automation of societal biases to further exacerbate health disparities poses a significant risk. We explore algorithmic fairness from the perspective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Md Rahat Shahriar Zawad , Peter Washington

The treatment of fairness in decision-making literature usually involves quantifying fairness using objective measures. This work takes a critical stance to highlight the limitations of these approaches (group fairness and individual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sarra Tajouri , Alexis Tsoukiàs

Methods for building fair predictors often involve tradeoffs between fairness and accuracy and between different fairness criteria, but the nature of these tradeoffs varies. Recent work seeks to characterize these tradeoffs in specific…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-02 Alan Mishler , Edward Kennedy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

Existing metrics in competing risks survival analysis such as concordance and accuracy do not evaluate a model's ability to jointly predict the event type and the event time. To address these limitations, we propose a new metric, which we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-20 Kartik Ahuja , Mihaela van der Schaar

Understanding and removing bias from the decisions made by machine learning models is essential to avoid discrimination against unprivileged groups. Despite recent progress in algorithmic fairness, there is still no clear answer as to which…

Counterfactual explanations are a common approach to providing recourse to data subjects. However, current methodology can produce counterfactuals that cannot be achieved by the subject, making the use of counterfactuals for recourse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Alexander Asemota , Giles Hooker

Efficient methods to evaluate new algorithms are critical for improving interactive bandit and reinforcement learning systems such as recommendation systems. A/B tests are reliable, but are time- and money-consuming, and entail a risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Yusuke Narita , Shota Yasui , Kohei Yata

In recent years, the idea of formalising and modelling fairness for algorithmic decision making (ADM) has advanced to a point of sophisticated specialisation. However, the relations between technical (formalised) and ethical discourse on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Pola Schwöbel , Peter Remmers

Counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning underpin numerous techniques for auditing and understanding artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The traditional paradigm for counterfactual reasoning in this literature is the interventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

Fairness-aware learning aims to mitigate discrimination against specific protected social groups (e.g., those categorized by gender, ethnicity, age) while minimizing predictive performance loss. Despite efforts to improve fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kewen Peng , Yicheng Yang , Hao Zhuo

We propose a simple yet effective solution to tackle the often-competing goals of fairness and utility in classification tasks. While fairness ensures that the model's predictions are unbiased and do not discriminate against any particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu