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Solar type II radio bursts are the signature of particle acceleration by shock waves in the solar corona and interplanetary medium. The shocks originate in solar eruptions involving coronal mass ejections (CMEs) moving at super-Alfvenic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-17 Nat Gopalswamy , Pertti Mäkelä , Seiji Yashiro

The solar corona below 10 solar radii is an important region for early acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) by coronal mass ejection-driven shock waves. There, these waves propagate into a highly variable dynamic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-15 Kamen Kozarev , Mohamed Nedal , Rositsa Miteva , Momchil Dechev , Pietro Zucca

We use multiwavelength data from space and ground based instruments to study the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on January 23, 2012 that were responsible for one of the largest solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar…

Solar flares are often accompanied by filament/prominence eruptions, sometimes leading to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). By analogy, we expect that stellar flares are also associated with stellar CMEs whose properties are essential to know…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-11 Kosuke Namekata , Hiroyuki Maehara , Satoshi Honda , Yuta Notsu , Daisaku Nogami , Kazunari Shibata

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are immense eruptions of plasma and magnetic fields that are propelled outward from the Sun, sometimes with velocities greater than 2000 km/s. They are responsible for some of the most severe space weather at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Jon Linker , Tibor Torok , Cooper Downs , Ronald Caplan , Viacheslav Titov , Andres Reyes , Roberto Lionello , Pete Riley

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) influence the interplanetary environment over vast distances in the solar system by injecting huge clouds of fast solar plasma and energetic particles (SEPs). A number of fundamental questions remain about how…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Oleg Stepanyuk , Kamen Kozarev , Mohamed Nedal

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) and radio bursts are indicators of particle acceleration on the Sun and in the heliosphere. The accelerated particles have energies significantly higher than thermal particles up to several orders of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-14 Nat Gopalswamy

The most intense solar energetic particle events are produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accompanied by intense type II radio bursts below 15 MHz. Understanding where these type II bursts are generated relative to an erupting CME…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Alexander M. Hegedus , Ward B. Manchester , Justin C. Kasper

Context: Eruptive events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares accelerate particles and generate shock waves which can arrive at Earth and can disturb the magnetosphere. Understanding the association between CMEs and CME-driven…

We report on further evidence that solar energetic particles are organized by the kinematic properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)[1]. In particular, we focus on the starting frequency of type II bursts, which is related to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 N Gopalswamy , P Mäkelä , S Yashiro , N Thakur , S Akiyama , H Xie

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) are an integral part of the physical processes related with Space Weather. We present a review for the acceleration mechanisms related to the explosive phenomena (flares and/or CMEs) inside the solar corona.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Loukas Vlahos , Anastasios Anastasiadis , Athanasios Papaioannou , Athanasios Kouloumvakos , Heinz Isliker

Aims. Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the most fascinating explosion in the solar system; however, their formation is still not fully understood. Methods. Here, we investigate a well-observed CME on 2021 May 07 that showed a typical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 B. T. Wang , X. Cheng , H. Q. Song , M. D. Ding

A coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with a type II burst and originating close to the center of the solar disk typically results in a shock at Earth in 2-3 days and hence can be used to predict shock arrival at Earth. However, a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 N. Gopalswamy , P. Makela , S. Akiyama , S. Yashiro , H. Xie , R. J. MacDowall , M. L. Kaiser

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are solar eruptions into interplanetary space of as much as a few billion tons of plasma, with embedded magnetic fields from the Sun's corona. These perturbations play a very important role in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Hernandez-Cervantes , A. Santillan , A. R. Gonzalez-Ponce

Eruptions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun are usually associated with a number of signatures that can be identified in solar disc imagery. However, there are cases in which a CME that is well observed in coronagraph data is…

Type II radio bursts are solar radio emissions generated by electrons accelerated by coronal shocks. These bursts are typically found close to expanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs), making them valuable for studying the properties and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 K. Bhandari , D. E. Morosan , S. Normo

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic expulsions of magnetized plasma from the Sun that play a crucial role in space weather dynamics. This study investigates the diverse kinematics and thermodynamic evolution of two CMEs…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-11 Soumyaranjan Khuntia , Wageesh Mishra , Sudheer K Mishra , Yuming Wang , Jie Zhang , Shaoyu Lyu

Our Sun is an active star expelling dynamic phenomena known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The magnetic field configuration on the Sun and related solar wind structures affect the propagation behavior of CMEs, dominate its transit time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Manuela Temmer

Flares we observe on stars in white light, UV or soft X-rays are probably harbingers of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). If we use the Sun as a guide, large stellar flares will dissipate two orders of magnitude less X-ray radiative energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jeremy J. Drake , Ofer Cohen , Cecilia Garraffo , Vinay Kashyap

Solar radio bursts (SRBs) are intense emissions observed in radio wavelengths most frequently during solar transients, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares. SRBs are direct signatures of accelerated electrons in the solar…

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