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Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of column densities are an established tool to characterize the evolutionary state of interstellar clouds. Using simulations, we show to what degree their determination is affected by noise,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-25 Volker Ossenkopf-Okada , Timea Csengeri , Nicola Schneider , Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

Remote Sensing Change Detection (RS-CD) aims to detect relevant changes from Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images (MT-RSIs), which aids in various RS applications such as land cover, land use, human development analysis, and disaster…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Vishal M. Patel

As the third paper in a series regarding the estimation of luminosity functions (LFs) via kernel density estimation (KDE), we present a further generalization of our framework by extending its applicability to multiple flux-limited samples.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zunli Yuan , Chuanqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Luozhenhan Liu

Beyond-two-point statistics contain additional information on cosmological as well as astrophysical and observational (systematics) parameters. In this methodology paper we provide an end-to-end simulation-based analysis of a set of…

Obtaining accurate photometric redshift estimations is an important aspect of cosmology, remaining a prerequisite of many analyses. In creating novel methods to produce redshift estimations, there has been a shift towards using machine…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ben Henghes , Connor Pettitt , Jeyan Thiyagalingam , Tony Hey , Ofer Lahav

Galaxy cross-correlations with high-fidelity redshift samples hold the potential to precisely calibrate systematic photometric redshift uncertainties arising from the unavailability of complete and representative training and validation…

Accurate and reliable photometric redshift determination is one of the key aspects for wide-field photometric surveys. Determination of photometric redshift for galaxies, has been traditionally solved by use of machine-learning and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-18 M. Garcia-Fernandez

Recent vision-language foundation models still frequently produce outputs misaligned with their inputs, evidenced by object hallucination in captioning and prompt misalignment in the text-to-image generation model. Recent studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 JeongYeon Nam , Jinbae Im , Wonjae Kim , Taeho Kil

Nonstationarity in spatial and spatio-temporal processes is ubiquitous in environmental datasets, but is not often addressed in practice, due to a scarcity of statistical software packages that implement nonstationary models. In this…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-10 Quan Vu , Xuanjie Shao , Raphaël Huser , Andrew Zammit-Mangion

We present a Bayesian analysis of cosmological parameter constraints from early- and late-universe observations, focusing on the matter density parameter ($\Omega_m$) and the amplitude of matter fluctuations ($\sigma_8$) within the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Manjeet Kunwar , Nabin Bhusal , Manil Khatiwada , Niraj Dhital

This paper presents an intuitive application of multivariate kernel density estimation (KDE) for data correction. The method utilizes the expected value of the conditional probability density function (PDF) and a credible interval to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-19 Hai Bui , Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi

In vitro cell biology experiments are routinely used to characterize cell migration properties under various experimental conditions. These experiments can be interpreted using lattice-based random walk models to provide insight into…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Yihan Liu , David J Warne , Matthew J Simpson

LiDAR point clouds are fundamental to various applications, yet the extreme sparsity of high-precision geometric details hinders efficient context modeling, thereby limiting the compression speed and performance of existing methods. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Pengpeng Yu , Haoran Li , Runqing Jiang , Dingquan Li , Jing Wang , Liang Lin , Yulan Guo

Uncertainty estimation has been extensively studied in recent literature, which can usually be classified as aleatoric uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. In current aleatoric uncertainty estimation frameworks, it is often neglected that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Jing Zhang , Yuchao Dai , Mehrtash Harandi , Yiran Zhong , Nick Barnes , Richard Hartley

We carry out an independent re-analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) public dataset, focusing on extensions to the standard cosmological model, $\Lambda$CDM. Utilizing the dataset and Effective Field Theory (EFT)-based…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Anton Chudaykin , Mikhail M. Ivanov , Oliver H. E. Philcox

We consider estimating the density of a response conditioning on an error-prone covariate. Motivated by two existing kernel density estimators in the absence of covariate measurement error, we propose a method to correct the existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-09 Xianzheng Huang , Haiming Zhou

Accurate estimation of photometric redshifts (photo-$z$s) is crucial for cosmological surveys. Various methods have been developed for this purpose, such as template fitting methods and machine learning techniques, each with its own…

In this article the package High-dimensional Metrics (\texttt{hdm}) is introduced. It is a collection of statistical methods for estimation and quantification of uncertainty in high-dimensional approximately sparse models. It focuses on…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-28 Victor Chernozhukov , Chris Hansen , Martin Spindler

Density-estimation likelihood-free inference (DELFI) has recently been proposed as an efficient method for simulation-based cosmological parameter inference. Compared to the standard likelihood-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-30 Peter L. Taylor , Thomas D. Kitching , Justin Alsing , Benjamin D. Wandelt , Stephen M. Feeney , Jason D. McEwen

We explore the possibility of retrieving cosmological information from 21-cm tomographic data at intermediate redshift. The first step in our approach consists of training an encoder, composed of several three dimensional convolutional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-30 Sambatra Andrianomena