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Since the very beginning of hardware development, computer processors were invented with ever-increasing clock frequencies and sophisticated in-build optimization strategies. Due to physical limitations, this 'free lunch' of speedup has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2008-10-31 Peter Tröger

This work presents a practical benchmarking framework for optimizing artificial intelligence (AI) models on ARM Cortex processors (M0+, M4, M7), focusing on energy efficiency, accuracy, and resource utilization in embedded systems. Through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Pranay Jain , Maximilian Kasper , Göran Köber , Oliver Amft , Axel Plinge , Dominik Seuß

With power consumption becoming a critical processor design issue, specialized architectures for low power processing are becoming popular. Several studies have shown that neural networks can be used for signal processing and pattern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Raqibul Hasan , Tarek M. Taha , Chris Yakopcic , David J. Mountain

Accurately estimate performance of currently available processors is becoming a key activity, particularly in HENP environment, where high computing power is crucial. This document describes the methods and programs, opensource or freeware,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Esposito , P. Mastroserio , G. Tortone , F. M. Taurino

With the surge of inexpensive computational and memory resources, neural networks (NNs) have experienced an unprecedented growth in architectural and computational complexity. Introducing NNs to resource-constrained devices enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Lennart Heim , Andreas Biri , Zhongnan Qu , Lothar Thiele

FPGAs are quickly becoming available in the cloud as a one more heterogeneous processing element complementing CPUs and GPUs. There are many reports in the literature showing the potential for FPGAs to accelerate a wide variety of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Fabio Maschi , Gustavo Alonso , Anthony Hock-Koon , Nicolas Bondoux , Teddy Roy , Mourad Boudia , Matteo Casalino

Efficient on-device neural network (NN) inference offers predictable latency, improved privacy and reliability, and lower operating costs for vendors than cloud-based inference. This has sparked recent development of microcontroller-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Josh Millar , Yushan Huang , Sarab Sethi , Hamed Haddadi , Anil Madhavapeddy

Numerous neural network circuits and architectures are presently under active research for application to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Their physical performance metrics (area, time, energy) are estimated. Various types of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Dmitri E. Nikonov , Ian A. Young

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely employed to solve various problems, e.g., image classification. Due to their compute- and data-intensive nature, CNN accelerators have been developed as ASICs or on FPGAs. Increasing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Patrick Plagwitz , Frank Hannig , Jürgen Teich , Oliver Keszocze

In recent times, the trend in very large scale integration (VLSI) industry is multi-dimensional, for example, reduction of energy consumption, occupancy of less space, precise result, less power dissipation, faster response. To meet these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Gaurab Bhattacharya

The recent breakthroughs in deep neural networks (DNNs) have spurred a tremendously increased demand for DNN accelerators. However, designing DNN accelerators is non-trivial as it often takes months/years and requires cross-disciplinary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Yang Zhao , Chaojian Li , Yue Wang , Pengfei Xu , Yongan Zhang , Yingyan Lin

Microprocessor roadmaps clearly show a trend towards multiple core CPUs. Modern operating systems already make use of these CPU architectures by distributing tasks between processing cores thereby increasing system performance. This review…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-09-08 M. Vaidehi , T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair

Recent researches on neural network have shown significant advantage in machine learning over traditional algorithms based on handcrafted features and models. Neural network is now widely adopted in regions like image, speech and video…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Kaiyuan Guo , Shulin Zeng , Jincheng Yu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang

Computing has dramatically changed nearly every aspect of our lives, from business and agriculture to communication and entertainment. As a nation, we rely on computing in the design of systems for energy, transportation and defense; and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Gregory D. Hager , Mark D. Hill , Katherine Yelick

Today we live in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning; from small startups to HW or SW giants, everyone wants to build machine intelligence chips, applications. The task, however, is hard: not only because of the size of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-05 János Végh

This short note regards a comparison of instantaneous power, total energy consumption, execution time and energetic cost per synaptic event of a spiking neural network simulator (DPSNN-STDP) distributed on MPI processes when executed either…

The demise of Moore's Law has led to the rise of hardware acceleration. However, the focus on accelerating stable algorithms in their entirety neglects the abundant fine-grained acceleration opportunities available in broader domains and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ang Li , August Ning , David Wentzlaff

In the push for exascale computing, energy efficiency is of utmost concern. System architectures often adopt accelerators to hasten application execution at the cost of power. The Intel Xeon Phi co-processor is unique accelerator that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Gary Lawson , Masha Sosonkina , Yuzhong Shen

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a rapidly developing advanced technology, enabling the performance of complex tasks involving image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous decision-making with high levels of accuracy.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Soumita Chatterjee , Sudip Ghosh , Tamal Ghosh , Hafizur Rahaman

In recent years, deep learning has become more and more mature, and as a commonly used algorithm in deep learning, convolutional neural networks have been widely used in various visual tasks. In the past, research based on deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Simin Liu