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Waveform digitizers are key readout instruments in particle physics experiments. In this paper, we present a waveform digitizer for the PandaX dark matter experiments. It supports both external-trigger readout and triggerless readout,…

We have designed, implemented and tested a time-to-digital converter core in a low-cost Spartan-6 FPGA. Our design exploits the finite propagation speed in carry chains to realize a delay line in which the propagation distance of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-03-29 Sebastien Bourdeauducq

The phase noise of low-noise oscillators is conventionally measured by the cross-spectrum method (CSM), which has a complicated setup. We developed an alternative method called zero-crossing analysis with a double recorder setup (ZCA-DRS)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-25 Makoto Takeuchi , Haruo Saito

We present a fast general-purpose algorithm for high-throughput clustering of data "with a two dimensional organization". The algorithm is designed to be implemented with FPGAs or custom electronics. The key feature is a processing time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-14 A. Annovi , M. Beretta

We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each…

We present an end-to-end simulation and data-processing framework for digital beamforming experiments conducted with four stations of the 21 Centimeter Array (21CMA). Motivated by the need to characterize instrumental systematics, such as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 Feiyu Zhao , Quan Guo , Junhua Gu , Qian Zheng , Yan Huang , Yun Yu

In this paper we present a novel high-resolution multi-channel FPGA-based time-to-digital converter (TDC). We designed and implemented a complex electronic circuit on the FPGA, whose overall accuracy is several orders of magnitude greater…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Balazs Jakli , Adam Rak , Gyorgy Cserey

This technical note is on digital filters for the high-fidelity estimation of a sinusoidal signal's frequency in the presence of additive noise. The complex noise is assumed to be white (i.e. uncorrelated) however it need not be Gaussian.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Hugh Lachlan Kennedy

The core architecture, tests in the lab and first results of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrometer are described. It is based on a commercially available fast digital sampler (AC240) with an on-board Field Programmable Gate Array…

Deep Neural Networks are becoming the de-facto standard models for image understanding, and more generally for computer vision tasks. As they involve highly parallelizable computations, CNN are well suited to current fine grain programmable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Kamel Abdelouahab , Cedric Bourrasset , Maxime Pelcat , François Berry , Jean-Charles Quinton , Jocelyn Serot

Several analog-to-digital conversion methods for bandlimited signals used in applications, such as Sigma Delta quantization schemes, employ coarse quantization coupled with oversampling. The standard mathematical model for the error accrued…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-04-21 Felix Krahmer , Rachel Ward

The SeaQuest experiment (Fermilab E906) detects pairs of energetic {\mu}+ and {\mu}- produced in 120 GeV/c proton-nucleon interactions in a high rate environment. The trigger system consists of several arrays of scintillator hodoscopes and…

We report on the development of a novel FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter and its implementation in a detection chain that records the coordinates of single particles along three dimensions. The detector is composed of Micro-Channel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-12-09 F. Nogrette , D. Heurteau , R. Chang , Q. Bouton , C. I. Westbrook , R. Sellem , D. Clément

Context: Radio astronomical receivers are now expanding their frequency range to cover large (octave) fractional bandwidths for sensitivity and spectral flexibility, which makes the design of good analogue circular polarizers challenging.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Koyel Das , A. L. Roy , R. Keller , G. Tuccari

NUMEXO2 is a 16 channels 14bit/200MHz digitizer and processing board initially developed for gamma-ray spectroscopy (for EXOGAM: EXOtic nuclei GAMma ray). Numexo2 has been gradually extended and improved as a general purpose digitizer to…

A high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on wave union (four-edge WU A), dual-sampling, and sub-TDL methods is proposed and implemented in a 16-nm Xilinx UltraScale+ field-programmable gate array (FPGA). We combine WU and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-09-02 Yu Wang , Wujun Xie , Haochang Chen , David Day-Uei Li

We propose a least-squares phase-stepping algorithm (LS-PSA) consisting of only 14 steps for high-quality optical plate testing. Optical plate testing produces an infinite number of simultaneous fringe patterns due to multiple reflections.…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Manuel Servin , Gonzalo Paez , Moises Padilla , Guillermo Garnica

Two-channel modulo analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) enable high-dynamic-range signal sensing at the Nyquist rate per channel, but existing designs quantise both channel outputs independently, incurring redundant bitrate costs. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Wenyi Yan , Zeyuan Li , Lu Gan , Honqing Liu , Guoquan Li

1 ps timing resolution is the entry point to signature based searches relying on secondary/tertiary vertices and particle identification. We describe a preliminary design for PSEC5, an 8-channel 40 GS/s waveform-sampling ASIC in the TSMC 65…

The TRIDENT (Tropical Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope) experiment is a next-generation underwater neutrino observatory planned for deployment in the West Pacific Ocean, designed to detect astrophysical neutrinos through Cherenkov radiation. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-20 Guangping Zhang , Yong Yang , Donglian Xu