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Due to the non-linear ionizing and heating processes, the 21-cm signals from epoch of reionization (EoR) are expected to have strong non-Gaussian fluctuations. In this paper, we use the semi-numerical simulations to study the non-Gaussian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Qing-Bo Ma , Ling Peng

A new upper limit on the 21-cm signal power spectrum at a redshift of $z \approx 9.1$ is presented, based on 141 hours of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). The analysis includes significant improvements in…

Deep imaging of structures from the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) in five targeted fields is one of the highest priority scientific objectives for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Selecting 'quiet' fields, which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-14 Xueying Zhang , Qian Zheng , Linhui Wu , Quan Guo , Stefan W. Duchesne , Mengfan He , Huanyuan Shan , Xiang-ping Wu , Melanie Johnston-Hollitt , Feiyu Zhao , Qingyuan Ma

One key challenge in detecting 21 cm cosmological signal at z > 6 is to separate the cosmological signal from foreground emission. This can be studied in a power spectrum space where the foreground is confined to low delay modes whereas the…

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is widely used in applications such as MRI, CT, and interferometry; however, because of its dependence on uniformly sampled data, it requires the use of gridding techniques for practical implementation. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Federico Achini , Paola Causin , Sara Vanini , Ke Chen , Simone Scacchi

The Largest Cluster Statistics\,(LCS) analysis of the redshifted 21\,cm maps has been demonstrated to be an efficient and robust method for following the time evolution of the largest ionized regions\,(LIRs) during the Epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Saswata Dasgupta , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar , Satadru Bag , Prakash Sarkar

Redshifted 21cm signal is a promising tool to investigate the state of intergalactic medium (IGM) in the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization(EoR). In our previous work (Shimabukuro et al 2015), we studied the variance and skewness to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-08 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

The detection of redshifted hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen (HI) is the most promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We report an analysis of 55 hours of Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Phase II drift scan EoR data. The data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-21 Akash Kumar Patwa , Shiv Sethi , K. S. Dwarakanath

Detecting the 21-cm hyperfine transition from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium is our best probe for understanding the astrophysical processes driving the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). The primary means for a detection of this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bradley Greig , Yuan-Sen Ting , Alexander A. Kaurov

Modern image formation algorithms in radio interferometry rely on repeated applications of the operator {\Phi} modelling the measurement process and its adjoint {Phi^\dagger} to enforce consistency with the acquired data, specifically via…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Arwa Dabbech , Yves Wiaux

We apply the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for estimating the cosmological 21-cm power spectrum from $150 \, {\rm MHz}$ GMRT observations which corresponds to the neutral hydrogen (HI) at redshift $z = 8.28$. Here TGE is used to measure…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Srijita Pal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Abhik Ghosh , Samir Choudhuri

A critical challenge in measuring the power spectrum of 21cm emission from cosmic reionization is compensating for the frequency dependence of an interferometer's sampling pattern, which can cause smooth-spectrum foregrounds to appear…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Aaron R. Parsons , Jonathan C. Pober , James E. Aguirre , Christopher L. Carilli , Daniel C. Jacobs , David F. Moore

Interpreting 21cm measurements from current and upcoming experiments like HERA and the SKA will provide new scientific insights and exciting implications for astrophysics and cosmology regarding the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-03 Yihao Zhou , Paul La Plante

Estimators for $n$-point clustering statistics in Fourier-space demand that modern surveys of large-scale structure be transformed to Cartesian coordinates to perform Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). In this work, we explore this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-05 Steven Cunnington , Laura Wolz

Precise measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum are crucial for understanding the physical processes of hydrogen reionization. Currently, this probe is being pursued by low-frequency radio interferometer arrays. As these experiments come…

We explore the possibility of constraining model parameters of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) from 21cm brightness temperature maps, using a combination of morphological descriptors constructed from the eigenvalues of the Contour Minkowski…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 Akanksha Kapahtia , Pravabati Chingangbam , Raghunath Ghara , Stephen Appleby , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury

Enlightening our understanding of the first galaxies responsible for driving reionisation requires detecting the 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen. Interpreting the wealth of information embedded in this signal requires Bayesian inference.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-22 Bradley Greig , David Prelogović , Yuxiang Qin , Yuan-Sen Ting , Andrei Mesinger

We study the detectability of the cross-correlation between 21 cm emission from the intergalactic medium and the galaxy distribution during (and before) reionization. We show that first-generation 21 cm experiments, such as the Mileura…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Steven Furlanetto , Adam Lidz

We discuss absolute calibration strategies for Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), which aims to measure the cosmological 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). HERA is a drift-scan array with a 10 degree…

Accurate beam modeling is important in many radio astronomy applications. In this paper, we focus on beam modeling for 21-cm intensity mapping experiments using radio interferometers, though the techniques also apply to single dish…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Michael J. Wilensky , Philip Bull , Nicolas Fagnoni
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