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Smart contracts are small programs that run autonomously on the blockchain, using it as their persistent memory. The predominant platform for smart contracts is the Ethereum VM (EVM). In EVM smart contracts, a problem with significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sifis Lagouvardos , Yannis Bollanos , Michael Debono , Neville Grech , Yannis Smaragdakis

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Smart contracts manage a large number of digital assets nowadays. Bugs in these contracts have led to significant financial loss. Verifying the correctness of smart contracts is, therefore, an important task. This paper presents an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Haoxian Chen , Lan Lu , Brendan Massey , Yuepeng Wang , Boon Thau Loo

Solidity is an object-oriented and high-level language for writing smart contracts that are used to execute, verify and enforce credible transactions on permissionless blockchains. In the last few years, analysis of smart contracts has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Chao Peng , Sefa Akca , Ajitha Rajan

Programs executed on a blockchain - smart contracts - have high financial stakes; their correctness is crucial. We argue, that this correctness needs to be foundational: correctness needs to be based on the operational semantics of their…

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met. However, designing and implementing a smart contract is not trivial since upon deployment on a blockchain, it is no longer possible to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chaïmaa Benabbou , Önder Gürcan

We propose and develop a framework for validating smart contracts derived from e-contracts. The goal is to ensure the generated smart contracts fulfil all the conditions outlined in their corresponding e-contracts. By confirming alignment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sangharatna Godboley , P. Radha Krishna , Sunkara Sri Harika , Pooja Varnam

Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that ensures transparency, security, and immutability through cryptographic techniques. However, advancements in quantum computing threaten the security of classical cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized computing engine. It enables the Ethereum blockchain to execute smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). The increasing adoption of Ethereum sparked the rise of phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pasquale De Rosa , Simon Queyrut , Yérom-David Bromberg , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

This paper presents SAILFISH, a scalable system for automatically finding state-inconsistency bugs in smart contracts. To make the analysis tractable, we introduce a hybrid approach that includes (i) a light-weight exploration phase that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Priyanka Bose , Dipanjan Das , Yanju Chen , Yu Feng , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Smart contracts on public blockchains now manage large amounts of value, and vulnerabilities in these systems can lead to substantial losses. As AI agents become more capable at reading, writing, and running code, it is natural to ask how…

Smart contract security has progressed from vulnerability detection toward a broader research agenda that includes semantic reasoning, automated repair, adversarial robustness, and real-time exploit detection. This paper develops a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tamer Abdelaziz

In the realm of smart contract security, transaction malice detection has been able to leverage properties of transaction traces to identify hacks with high accuracy. However, these methods cannot be applied in real-time to revert malicious…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Zhiyang Chen , Jan Gorzny , Martin Derka

Bitcoin has attracted everyone's attention and interest recently. Ethereum (ETH), a second generation cryptocurrency, extends Bitcoin's design by offering a Turing-complete programming language called Solidity to develop smart contracts.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jiao Jiao , Shuanglong Kan , Shang-Wei Lin , David Sanan , Yang Liu , Jun Sun

The wide application of Ethereum technology has brought technological innovation to traditional industries. As one of Ethereum's core applications, smart contracts utilize diverse contract codes to meet various functional needs and have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiacheng Yao , Maolin Wang , Wanqi Chen , Chengxiang Jin , Jiajun Zhou , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Smart Contracts (SCs) in Ethereum can automate tasks and provide different functionalities to a user. Such automation is enabled by the `Turing-complete' nature of the programming language (Solidity) in which SCs are written. This also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Rachit Agarwal , Tanmay Thapliyal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Smart contracts have transformed decentralized finance by enabling programmable, trustless transactions. However, their widespread adoption and growing financial significance have attracted persistent and sophisticated threats, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Pasquale De Rosa , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

In the rapidly evolving field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA), the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Register-Transfer Level (RTL) design has emerged as a promising direction. However, silicon-grade correctness remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jiale Liu , Taiyu Zhou , Tianqi Jiang

We present a methodology to develop verified smart contracts. We write smart contracts, their specifications and implementations in the verification-friendly language Dafny. In our methodology the ability to write specifications,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Franck Cassez , Joanne Fuller , Horacio Mijail Anton Quiles

In this work we propose Dynamit, a monitoring framework to detect reentrancy vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts. The novelty of our framework is that it relies only on transaction metadata and balance data from the blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mojtaba Eshghie , Cyrille Artho , Dilian Gurov
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