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A key characteristic of deep recommendation models is the immense memory requirements of their embedding tables. These embedding tables can often reach hundreds of gigabytes which increases hardware requirements and training cost. A common…

With recent advances in large language models (LLMs), there has been emerging numbers of research in developing Semantic IDs based on LLMs to enhance the performance of recommendation systems. However, the dimension of these embeddings…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Taolin Zhang , Junwei Pan , Jinpeng Wang , Yaohua Zha , Tao Dai , Bin Chen , Ruisheng Luo , Xiaoxiang Deng , Yuan Wang , Ming Yue , Jie Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Neural network approaches in recommender systems have shown remarkable success by representing a large set of items as a learnable vector embedding table. However, infrequent items may suffer from inadequate training opportunities, making…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jinseok Seol , Minseok Gang , Sang-goo Lee , Jaehui Park

Recommendation algorithms that incorporate techniques from deep learning are becoming increasingly popular. Due to the structure of the data coming from recommendation domains (i.e., one-hot-encoded vectors of item preferences), these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Joan Serrà , Alexandros Karatzoglou

With the huge growth in e-commerce domain, product recommendations have become an increasing field of interest amongst e-commerce companies. One of the more difficult tasks in product recommendations is size and fit predictions. There are a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Oishik Chatterjee , Jaidam Ram Tej , Narendra Varma Dasaraju

Huge embedding tables in modern deep learning recommender models (DLRM) require prohibitively large memory during training and inference. This paper proposes FIITED, a system to automatically reduce the memory footprint via FIne-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Qinyi Luo , Penghan Wang , Wei Zhang , Fan Lai , Jiachen Mao , Xiaohan Wei , Jun Song , Wei-Yu Tsai , Shuai Yang , Yuxi Hu , Xuehai Qian

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with sparse input features have been widely used in recommender systems in industry. These models have large memory requirements and need a huge amount of training data. The large model size usually entails a…

Increasing the size of embedding layers has shown to be effective in improving the performance of recommendation models, yet gradually causing their sizes to exceed terabytes in industrial recommender systems, and hence the increase of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Beichuan Zhang , Chenggen Sun , Jianchao Tan , Xinjun Cai , Jun Zhao , Mengqi Miao , Kang Yin , Chengru Song , Na Mou , Yang Song

In deep learning, embeddings are widely used to represent categorical entities such as words, apps, and movies. An embedding layer maps each entity to a unique vector, causing the layer's memory requirement to be proportional to the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Niketan Pansare , Jay Katukuri , Aditya Arora , Frank Cipollone , Riyaaz Shaik , Noyan Tokgozoglu , Chandru Venkataraman

In this paper, we study the surprising impact that truncating text embeddings has on downstream performance. We consistently observe across 6 state-of-the-art text encoders and 26 downstream tasks, that randomly removing up to 50% of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Sotaro Takeshita , Yurina Takeshita , Daniel Ruffinelli , Simone Paolo Ponzetto

A prevalent practice in recommender systems consists in averaging item embeddings to represent users or higher-level concepts in the same embedding space. This paper investigates the relevance of such a practice. For this purpose, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Walid Bendada , Guillaume Salha-Galvan , Romain Hennequin , Thomas Bouabça , Tristan Cazenave

Recommender systems support decisions in various domains ranging from simple items such as books and movies to more complex items such as financial services, telecommunication equipment, and software systems. In this context,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Alexander Felfernig , Viet-Man Le , Andrei Popescu , Mathias Uta , Thi Ngoc Trang Tran , Müslüum Atas

Transfer learning for feature extraction can be used to exploit deep representations in contexts where there is very few training data, where there are limited computational resources, or when tuning the hyper-parameters needed for training…

The main idea of this paper is to represent shopping items through vectors because these vectors act as the base for building em- beddings for customers and shopping carts. Also, these vectors are input to the mathematical models that act…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Bibek Behera , Manoj Joshi , Abhilash KK , Mohammad Ansari Ismail

Traditional minutiae-based fingerprint representations consist of a variable-length set of minutiae. This necessitates a more complex comparison causing the drawback of high computational cost in one-to-many comparison. Recently, deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Tim Rohwedder , Daile Osorio-Roig , Christian Rathgeb , Christoph Busch

Nowadays, deep learning models are widely adopted in web-scale applications such as recommender systems, and online advertising. In these applications, embedding learning of categorical features is crucial to the success of deep learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Jinquan Liu , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Multimodal recommendation aims to model user and item representations comprehensively with the involvement of multimedia content for effective recommendations. Existing research has shown that it is beneficial for recommendation performance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yuting Liu , Enneng Yang , Yizhou Dang , Guibing Guo , Qiang Liu , Yuliang Liang , Linying Jiang , Xingwei Wang

Embeddings are a basic initial feature extraction step in many machine learning models, particularly in natural language processing. An embedding attempts to map data tokens to a low-dimensional space where similar tokens are mapped to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Golara Ahmadi Azar , Melika Emami , Alyson Fletcher , Sundeep Rangan

Production recommendation systems rely on embedding methods to represent various features. An impeding challenge in practice is that the large embedding matrix incurs substantial memory footprint in serving as the number of features grows…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Xiaorui Wu , Hong Xu , Honglin Zhang , Huaming Chen , Jian Wang

We develop a two-stage deep learning framework that recommends fashion images based on other input images of similar style. For that purpose, a neural network classifier is used as a data-driven, visually-aware feature extractor. The latter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Hessel Tuinhof , Clemens Pirker , Markus Haltmeier