Related papers: Quantifying treatment differences in confirmatory …
This work presents novel and powerful tests for comparing non-proportional hazard functions, based on sample-space partitions. Right censoring introduces two major difficulties which make the existing sample-space partition tests for…
Odds ratios obtained from logistic models fail to approximate risk ratios with common outcomes, leading to potential misinterpretations about exposure effects by practitioners. This article investigates the complementary log-log models as a…
Tests for proportional hazards assumption concerning specified covariates or groups of covariates are proposed. The class of alternatives is wide: log-hazard rates under different values of covariates may cross, approach, go away. The data…
The ratio of the hazard functions of two populations or two strata of a single population plays an important role in time-to-event analysis. Cox regression is commonly used to estimate the hazard ratio under the assumption that it is…
A very classical problem in statistics is to test the stochastic superiority of one distribution to another. However, many existing approaches are developed for independent samples and, moreover, do not take censored data into account. We…
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) often involve multiple longitudinal primary outcomes to comprehensively assess treatment efficacy. The Longitudinal Rank-Sum Test (LRST), a robust U-statistics-based, non-parametric, rank-based method,…
Comparing the survival times among two groups is a common problem in time-to-event analysis, for example if one would like to understand whether one medical treatment is superior to another. In the standard survival analysis setting, there…
A key challenge in genomics is to identify genetic variants that distinguish patients with different survival time following diagnosis or treatment. While the log-rank test is widely used for this purpose, nearly all implementations of the…
Easy-to-interpret effect estimands are highly desirable in survival analysis. In the competing risks framework, one good candidate is the restricted mean time lost (RMTL). It is defined as the area under the cumulative incidence function up…
In clinical trials involving both mortality and morbidity, an active treatment can influence the observed risk of the first non-fatal event either directly, through its effect on the underlying non-fatal event process, or indirectly,…
In a stratified clinical trial design with time to event end points, stratification factors are often accounted for the log-rank test and the Cox regression analyses. In this work, we have evaluated the impact of inclusion of stratification…
In observational studies of survival time featuring a binary time-dependent treatment, the hazard ratio (an instantaneous measure) is often used to represent the treatment effect. However, investigators are often more interested in the…
We give an overview of eight different software packages and functions available in R for semi- or non-parametric estimation of the hazard rate for right-censored survival data. Of particular interest is the accuracy of the estimation of…
Background: Often when undertaking meta-analyses of time-to-event (TTE) outcomes, especially in a Health Technology Assessment context, a hazard ratio (HR) scale is used. However, issues arise when there is evidence of non-proportional…
Identifying causal relationships for a treatment intervention is a fundamental problem in health sciences. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for identifying causal relationships. However, recent…
There is a considerable literature in case-control logistic regression on whether or not non-confounding covariates should be adjusted for. However, only limited and ad hoc theoretical results are available on this important topic. A…
We present a new estimator of the restricted mean survival time in randomized trials where there is right censoring that may depend on treatment and baseline variables. The proposed estimator leverages prognostic baseline variables to…
We introduce the anytime-valid (AV) logrank test, a version of the logrank test that provides type-I error guarantees under optional stopping and optional continuation. The test is sequential without the need to specify a maximum sample…
The restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a widely used quantity in survival analysis due to its straightforward interpretation. For instance, predicting the time to event based on patient attributes is of great interest when analyzing…
Hazard ratios are ubiquitously used in time to event analysis to quantify treatment effects. Although hazard ratios are invaluable for hypothesis testing, other measures of association, both relative and absolute, may be used to fully…