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Continuous energy monitoring is essential for identifying potential savings and predicting the energy requirements of buildings. Energy meters are often located in underground spaces that are difficult to reach with wireless technology.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Christof Röhrig , Benz Cramer

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) has emerged as a key paradigm to provide connectivity for sensors and actuators via satellite gateways in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Alessandro Traspadini , Michele Zorzi , Marco Giordani

Inter-connected sensors and actuators have scaled down to small embedded devices such as wearables, and at the same time meet a massive deployment at the Internet edge: the Internet of Things (IoT). Many of these IoT devices run on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Sebastian Meiling , Thomas C. Schmidt

LoRa wireless networks are considered as a key enabling technology for next generation internet of things (IoT) systems. New IoT deployments (e.g., smart city scenarios) can have thousands of devices per square kilometer leading to huge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Rami Hamdi , Emna Baccour , Aiman Erbad , Marwa Qaraqe , Mounir Hamdi

The deployment of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) in dynamic environments, such as smart campuses, presents significant challenges in optimizing network parameters like spreading factor (SF), transmission power (TxPower), and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hari Prabhat Gupta

The emerging field of smart agriculture leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to revolutionize farming practices. This paper investigates the transformative potential of Long Range (LoRa) technology as a key enabler of long-range wireless…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Lameya Aldhaheri , Noor Alshehhi , Irfana Ilyas Jameela Manzil , Ruhul Amin Khalil , Shumaila Javaid , Nasir Saeed , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

LoRa bridges the gap between remote locations and mainstream networks, enabling large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. Despite the recent advancements around LoRa, Internet access over this technology is still largely unexplored.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Atonu Ghosh , Devadeep Misra , Hirdesh Mewada

The development of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) for the internet of things (IoTs) is expected to grow widely, allowing remote monitoring of smart devices from a distance of up to several kilometers. This paper studies the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Tien Hoa Nguyen , Van Dai Do

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution demands scalable, energy-efficient communication protocols supporting widespread device deployments. The LoRa technology, coupled with the LoRaWAN protocol, has emerged as a leading Low Power Wide…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Riccardo Marini , Giampaolo Cuozzo

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart agriculture has transformed farming practices by enabling real time monitoring, data-driven decision making, and automation. However, ensuring reliable connectivity in diverse…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mohamed Shabeer Mohamed Rafi , Mehran Behjati , Ahmad Sahban Rafsanjani

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are gaining momentum for internet-of-things (IoT) applications since they promise wide coverage to a massive number of battery-operated devices using grant-free medium access. LoRaWAN, with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Aamir Mahmood , Emiliano Sisinni , Lakshmikanth Guntupalli , Raúl Rondón , Syed Ali Hassan , Mikael Gidlund

This paper studies a specific low-power wireless technology capable of reaching a long range, namely LoRa. Such a technology can be used by different applications in cities involving many transmitting devices while requiring loose…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-07 Mauricio C. Tomé , Pedro H. J. Nardelli , Hirley Alves

LoRa (Long-Range) is an LPWAN (low-power wide-area network) protocol that is part of the IoT family that focusses on long-range communication of up to 14km, albeit with delay-inherent transmissions. Three IoT-based time synchronisation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Timothy Jones , Khondokar Fida Hasan

LoRaWAN is an emerging Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, which is gaining momentum thanks to its flexibility and ease of deployment. Conversely to other LPWAN solutions, LoRaWAN indeed permits the configuration of several…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Davide Magrin , Martina Capuzzo , Andrea Zanella

The Internet of Things (IoT) has started to empower the future of many industrial and mass-market applications. Localization techniques are becoming key to add location context to IoT data without human perception and intervention.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-06 You Li , Yuan Zhuang , Xin Hu , Zhouzheng Gao , Jia Hu , Long Chen , Zhe He , Ling Pei , Kejie Chen , Maosong Wang , Xiaoji Niu , Ruizhi Chen , John Thompson , Fadhel Ghannouchi , Naser El-Sheimy

The Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) specification was released in 2015, primarily to support the Internet-of-Things by facilitating wireless communication over long distances. Since 2015, the role-out and adoption of LoRaWAN has seen…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Norbert Blenn , Fernando Kuipers

The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) into multi-layered environments has positioned Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), particularly Long Range (LoRa), as the backbone for connectivity across both surface and subterranean…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdullahi Isa Ahmed , Ana Maria Drăgulinescu , El Mehdi Amhoud

The Internet of Things (IoT) incorporates multiple long-range, short-range, and personal area wireless networks and technologies into the designs of IoT applications. This enables numerous business opportunities in fields as diverse as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Mahmoud Elkhodr , Seyed Shahrestani , Hon Cheung

Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) is an open medium access control (MAC) layer technology devised for the long range connectivity of massive number of low power network devices. This work gives an overview of the key aspects of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Furqan Hameed Khan , Marius Portmann

This paper presents a systematic review of LoRaWAN applications. We analyzed 71 cases of application, with a focus on deploy and challenges faced. The review summarizes the characteristics of the network protocol and shows applications in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Lucas R. de Oliveira , Poliana de Moraes , Lauro P. S. Neto , Arlindo F. da Conceição