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Heat pumps play a major role in decreasing fossil fuel use in heating. They increase electricity demand, but could also foster the system integration of variable renewable energy sources. We analyze three scenarios for expanding…
The ambitious energy target to achieve climate-neutrality in the European Union (EU) energy system raises the feasibility question of using only renewables across all energy sectors. As one of the EU's leading industrialized countries,…
To achieve climate neutrality, synergies between circular economy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions must be strengthened. Previously idle emission reduction potentials of resource efficiency are to be exploited. Since all…
Abatement options for the hard-to-electrify parts of the transport sector are needed to achieve ambitious emissions targets. Biofuels based on biomass, electrofuels based on renewable hydrogen and a carbon source, as well as fossil fuels…
This paper reviews the literature on biodegradable waste management in Germany, a multifaceted endeavor that reflects its commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. It examines the processes and benefits of separate…
The use of green hydrogen can support the decarbonization of sectors which are difficult to electrify, such as industry or heavy transport. Yet, the wider power sector effects of providing green hydrogen are not well understood so far. We…
Higher shares of fluctuating generation from renewable energy sources in the power system lead to an increase in grid balancing demand. One approach for avoiding curtailment of renewable energies is to use excess electricity feed-in for…
Bioenergy is currently a major renewable energy source in Europe but faces an unclear future because of conflicting modelling results and the lack of long-term policy. This paper identifies three challenges and potential opportunities by…
Renewable liquid fuels are essential for achieving emissions targets for hard-to-electrify sectors such as aviation and shipping. While biofuels and synthetic e-fuels have been well-studied, e-biofuels, produced by adding renewable hydrogen…
Potential strategies for the development and large-scale application of renewable energy sources aimed at reducing the usage of carbon-based fossil fuels are assessed here, especially in the event of the abandonment of such fuels. The aim…
Space and water heating accounts for about 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union and thus plays a key role in reducing overall costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Many scenarios to reach net-zero emissions in buildings rely…
In order to meet ever-stricter climate targets and achieve the eventual decarbonization of the energy supply of German industrial metropolises, the focus is on gradually phasing out nuclear power, then coal and gas combined with the…
Residential demands for space heating and hot water account for 31% of the total European energy demand. Space heating is highly dependent on ambient conditions and susceptible to climate change. We adopt a techno-economic standpoint and…
Greenhouse gas emissions from the steel, fertiliser and plastic industries can be mitigated by producing their precursors with green hydrogen. In Germany, green production may be economically unviable due to high energy costs. This study…
Classical heating of residential areas is very energy-intensive, so alternatives are needed, including renewable energies and advanced heating technologies. Thus, the present paper introduces a new methodology for comprehensive variant…
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) can provide constant, reliable electricity and heat with minimal emissions, but high drilling costs and uncertain cost reductions leave their future unclear. We explore scenarios for the future adoption of…
In order to reach EU's goal of zero emissions in 2050, the energy system will go through a significant transition over the next decades. To substitute fossil energy carriers, renewable energy sources will be mainly integrated in the power…
Due to the new carbon neutral policies, many district heating operators start operating their combined heat and power (CHP) plants using different types of biomass instead of fossil fuel. The contracts with the biomass suppliers are…
Renewable electricity sources such as wind and solar have shown a remarkable development in terms of efficiency, costs and availability, but system integration still remains a challenge. Realizing a fully renewable electricity supply will…
Involving residential actors in the energy transition is crucial for its success. Local energy generation, consumption and trading are identified as desirable forms of involvement, especially in energy communities. The potentials for energy…