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Alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems are nonconvex and nonlinear optimization problems. Utilities and independent service operators (ISO) require ACOPF to be solved in almost real time. Interior point methods (IPMs) are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Sayed Abdullah Sadat , Kibaek Kim

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a core optimization problem in power system operation and planning, aiming to minimize generation costs while satisfying physical constraints such as power flow equations, generator limits, and voltage limits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

We analyze and contrast two ways to train machine learning models for solving AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems, distinguished with the loss functions used. The first trains a mapping from the loads to the optimal dispatch decisions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Ge Chen , Junjie Qin

High penetration of renewable energy sources and the increasing share of stochastic loads require the explicit representation of uncertainty in tools such as the optimal power flow (OPF). Current approaches follow either a linearized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Andreas Venzke , Lejla Halilbasic , Uros Markovic , Gabriela Hug , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

We propose a data-based method to solve a multi-stage stochastic optimal power flow (OPF) problem based on limited information about forecast error distributions. The framework explicitly combines multi-stage feedback policies with any…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-29 Yi Guo , Kyri Baker , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Zechun Hu , Tyler H. Summers

This paper presents a scalable method for improving the solutions of AC Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) with respect to deviations in predicted power injections from wind and other uncertain generation resources. The focus of the paper is on…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Miles Lubin , Yury Dvorkin , Line Roald

Security-constrained unit commitment with alternating current optimal power flow (SCUC-ACOPF) is a central problem in power grid operations that optimizes commitment and dispatch of generators under a physically accurate power transmission…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Matthew Brun , Thomas Lee , Dirk Lauinger , Xin Chen , Xu Andy Sun

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

Aggregated load models, such as PQ and ZIP, are used to represent the approximated load demand at specific buses in grid simulation and optimization problems. In this paper we examine the impact of model choice on the optimal power flow…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-11 Marko Jereminov , Bryan Hooi , Amritanshu Pandey , Hyun-Ah Song , Christos Faloutsos , Larry Pileggi

Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

With increasing share of renewables in power generation mix, system operators would need to run Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems closer to real-time to better manage uncertainty. Given that OPF is an expensive optimization problem to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 Alex Robson , Mahdi Jamei , Cozmin Ududec , Letif Mones

In this paper, we consider the scenario-based two-stage stochastic DC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for optimal and reliable dispatch when the load is facing uncertainty. Although this problem is a linear program, it remains…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Ling Zhang , Daniel Tabas , Baosen Zhang

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISOs) to deal with the power generation management. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into power grids, challenges arise in tackling the OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Jia Yang , Jun Song , Chaoyue Zhao

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem determines power generation/demand that minimize a certain objective such as generation cost or power loss. It is nonconvex. We prove that, for radial networks, after shrinking its feasible set slightly,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Lingwen Gan , Na Li , Ufuk Topcu , Steven H. Low

Existing algorithms to solve alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) often exploit linear approximations to simplify system models and accelerate computations. In this paper, we improve a recent hierarchical OPF algorithm, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The incorporation of stochastic loads and generation into the operation of power grids gives rise to an exposure to stochastic risk. This risk has been addressed in prior work through a variety of mechanisms, such as scenario generation or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-06 Daniel Bienstock , Apurv Shukla

Recently there has been considerable progress on the analysis of stability and performance properties of so-called economic Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) schemes; i.e. NMPC schemes employing stage costs that are not directly…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Timm Faulwasser , Alexander Engelmann

The alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is critical to power system operations and planning, but it is generally hard to solve due to its nonconvex and large-scale nature. This paper proposes a scalable decomposition…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Shenyinying Tu , Andreas Waechter , Ermin Wei