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The problem of finding the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian using a quantum computer is currently solved using either the quantum phase estimation (QPE) or variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms. For precision $\epsilon$, QPE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Daochen Wang , Oscar Higgott , Stephen Brierley

We propose the unitary variational quantum-neural hybrid eigensolver (U-VQNHE), which improves upon the original VQNHE by enforcing unitary neural transformations. The non-unitary nature of VQNHE causes normalization issues and divergence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Minwoo Kim , Kyoung Keun Park , Uihwan Jeong , Sangyeon Lee , Taehyun Kim

Hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms make it possible to use near-term quantum devices supported by classical computational resources by useful control schemes. In this paper, we develop an HQC algorithm using an efficient variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Mahmoud Mahdian , H. Davoodi Yeganeh

Hybrid quantum-classical adaptive Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQE) hold the potential to outperform classical computing for simulating many-body quantum systems. However, practical implementations on current quantum processing units…

Near-term quantum computers will be limited in the number of qubits on which they can process information as well as the depth of the circuits that they can coherently carry out. To-date, experimental demonstrations of algorithms such as…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Joel Bierman , Yingzhou Li , Jianfeng Lu

Quantum spin systems may offer the first opportunities for beyond-classical quantum computations of scientific interest. While general quantum simulation algorithms likely require error-corrected qubits, there may be applications of…

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), aiming at determining the ground state energy of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is among the most significant applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Ze-Tong Li , Fan-Xu Meng , Han Zeng , Zai-Chen Zhang , Xu-Tao Yu

This paper presents a hybrid quantum-classical approach to prime factorization. The proposed algorithm is based on the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), which employs a classical optimizer to find the ground state of a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Mona Sobhani , Yahui Chai , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen

Variational algorithms are promising candidates to be implemented on near-term quantum computers. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a prominent example, where a parametrized trial state of the quantum mechanical wave function is…

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) provides a lucrative platform to determine molecular energetics in near-term quantum devices. While the VQE is traditionally tailored to determine the ground state wavefunction with the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Dibyendu Mondal , Rahul Maitra

The development of quantum algorithms and their application to quantum chemistry has introduced new opportunities for solving complex molecular problems that are computationally infeasible for classical methods. In quantum chemistry, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Fabio Tarocco , Davide Materia , Leonardo Ratini , Leonardo Guidoni

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are successful algorithms for studying physical systems on quantum computers. Recently, they were extended to the measurement-based model of quantum computing, bringing resource graph states and their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Albie Chan , Zheng Shi , Luca Dellantonio , Wolfgang Dür , Christine A. Muschik

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an algorithm to compute ground and excited state energy of quantum many-body systems. A key component of the algorithm and an active research area is the construction of a parametrized trial…

By design, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) strives to recover the lowest-energy eigenvalue of a given Hamiltonian by preparing quantum states guided by the variational principle. In practice, the prepared quantum state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Daniel Claudino , Jerimiah Wright , Alexander J. McCaskey , Travis S. Humble

We present a novel method for improving the quantum simulation of the ground state energy of molecules. We perform a pre-processing step classically, which reduces the dimensionality of the problem by generating a custom mapping which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Kaur Kristjuhan , Mark Nicholas Jones

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising quantum algorithm for applications in chemistry within the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. The ability for a quantum computer to simulate electronic structures with high…

We propose incorporating multi-qubit nonunitary operations in Variational Quantum Thermalizers (VQTs). VQTs are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that generate the thermal (Gibbs) state of a given Hamiltonian, with applications in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Elias Zapusek , Kristina Kirova , Walter Hahn , Michael Marthaler , Florentin Reiter

A programmable quantum device that has a large number of qubits without fault-tolerance has emerged recently. Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising ways to utilize the computational power of such devices to…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that leverage on classical optimization tools to find the optimal parameters for a parameterized quantum circuit. One relevant application of VQAs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Mirko Legnini , Julian Berberich

Variational quantum eigensolvers are touted as a near-term algorithm capable of impacting many applications. However, the potential has not yet been realized, with few claims of quantum advantage and high resource estimates, especially due…

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