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Terahertz communications offer unprecedented data rates for next-generation wireless networks but suffer blockage susceptibility that restrict coverage and introduce physical-layer security vulnerabilities. Non-line-of-sight relay schemes…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Peian Li , Wenbo Liu , Jiabiao Zhao , Jiayuan Cui , Yapeng Ge , Qiang Niu , Yuping Yang , Xiangzhu Meng , Jianjun Ma

This paper present the results from a 28 GHz channel sounding campaign performed to investigate the effects of outdoor to indoor penetration on the wireless propagation channel characteristics for an urban microcell in a fixed wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-02 C. Umit Bas , Rui Wang , Thomas Choi , Sooyoung Hur , Kuyeon Whang , Jeongho Park , Jianzhong Zhang , Andreas F. Molisch

This paper presents the analysis and characterization of the surface scattering process for both specular and diffused components. The study is focused on the investigation of various building materials each having a different roughness, at…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-10-17 Angelos A. Goulianos , Alberto L. Freire , Tom Barratt , Evangelos Mellios , Peter Cain , Moray Rumney , Andrew Nix , Mark Beach

This paper presents large-scale path loss models based on extensive ultra-wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements performed at 28 GHz and 73 GHz in three typical indoor office layouts -- namely: corridor, open-plan, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-23 George R. MacCartney , Sija Deng , Theodore S. Rappaport

In this paper, we present new measurement results to model large-scale path loss, angular spread and channel sparsity at the sub-THz (141-145 GHz) band, for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Extensive measurement campaigns have been…

Over the past few decades, attempts had been made to build a suitable channel prediction model to optimize radio transmission systems. It is particularly essential to predict the path loss due to the blockage of the signal, in indoor radio…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-17 Taewon Kang , Jiwon Seo

28 GHz outdoor-indoor coverage into modern office buildings with high thermal efficiency windows is found to be severely limited due to 46 dB median penetration loss at normal incidence and additional 15 dB median oblique incidence loss.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Dmitry Chizhik , Jinfeng Du , Reinaldo Valenzuela , Andrea Bedin , Martti Moisio , Rodolfo Feick

In future air-to-ground integrated networks, the scattering effects from ground-based scatterers, such as buildings, cannot be neglected in millimeter-wave and higher frequency bands, and have a significant impact on channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Yulu Guo , Tongjia Zhang , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao , Ruifeng Gao

Future cellular systems will make use of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands. Many users in these bands are located indoors, i.e., inside buildings, homes, and offices. Typical building material attenuations in these high frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-07 Nozhan Hosseini , Mahfuza Khatun , Changyu Guo , Kairui Du , Ozgur Ozdemir , David W. Matolak , Ismail Guvenc , Hani Mehrpouyan

Ray tracing is a versatile approach for precise sub-terahertz (sub-THz, 100-300 GHz) channel modeling when designing new mechanisms for beyond-6G cellular systems. Theoretically, wireless channels may exhibit variations over wavelength…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Hossein Amininasab , Huda Farooqui , Dmitri Moltchanov , Sergey Andreev , Michele Polese , Mikko Valkama , Josep M. Jornet

In these last years, many studies have focalized on the design of reliable underwater acoustic communication systems. However, the ocean acoustic communication channel exhibits strong amplitude and phase fluctuations and the phenomena of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-16 Yasin Yousif Al-Aboosi , Hussein A. Abdulnabi

mm-waves are envisaged as key enabler for 5G and 6G wireless communications, thanks to the wider bandwidth and to the possibility of implementing large-scale antenna arrays and new advanced transmission techniques, such as massive MIMO and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-14 Leonardo Possenti , Marina Barbiroli , Enrico M. Vitucci , Franco Fuschini , Mattia Fosci , Vittorio Degli-Esposti

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) will be used in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems, especially for indoor scenarios. This paper presents an indoor three-dimensional (3-D) statistical channel model for mmWave and sub-THz…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Shihao Ju , Yunchou Xing , Ojas Kanhere , Theodore S. Rappaport

Accurate channel modeling is essential for realizing the potential of terahertz (THz) communications in 6G indoor networks, where existing models struggle with severe frequency selectivity and multipath effects. We propose a physically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Ziang Zhao , Weixi Liang , Kai Hu , Qun Zhang , Xiongbin Yu , Qiang Li

Terahertz frequency bands will likely be used for the next-generation wireless communication systems to provide data rates of hundreds of Gbps or even Tbps because of the wide swaths of unused and unexplored spectrum. This paper presents…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yunchou Xing , Theodore S. Rappaport

This paper presents a comprehensive dataset of LoRaWAN technology path loss measurements collected in an indoor office environment, focusing on quantifying the effects of environmental factors on signal propagation. Utilizing a network of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nahshon Mokua Obiri , Kristof Van Laerhoven

In this paper, we present millimeter-wave (mmWave) penetration loss measurements and analysis at E-bands-73 GHz and 81 GHz. Penetration loss was measured for common building materials such as clear glass, metal, tinted glass, wood, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-02 Mahfuza Khatun , Changyu Guo , David Matolak , Hani Mehrpouyan

At millimeter-wave frequencies, diffuse scattering from rough surfaces is an important propagation mechanism. Including this mechanism in radio propagation modeling tools,such as ray-tracing, is a key step towards realizing accurate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-16 Stefanos Bakirtzis , Takahiro Hashimoto , Costas D. Sarris

The severe bandwidth shortage in conventional microwave bands has spurred the exploration of the millimeter wave (MMW) spectrum for the next revolution in wireless communications. However, there is still lack of proper channel modeling for…

Applications · Statistics 2016-05-13 Nor Aishah Muhammad , Peng Wang , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-Terahertz (THz) frequencies are expected to play a vital role in 6G wireless systems and beyond due to the vast available bandwidth of many tens of GHz. This paper presents an indoor 3-D spatial statistical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Shihao Ju , Yunchou Xing , Ojas Kanhere , Theodore S. Rappaport