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Matrix product states (MPS) provide a powerful framework for characterizing one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of matter and for formulating Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM)-type constraints. Here we generalize the MPS…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-20 Amogh Anakru , Sarvesh Srinivasan , Linhao Li , Zhen Bi

Continuous Matrix Product States (cMPS) are powerful variational ansatz states for ground states of continuous quantum field theories in (1+1) dimension. In this paper we introduce a novel parametrization of the cMPS wave function based on…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Martin Ganahl

The canonical form of Matrix Product States (MPS) and the associated fundamental theorem, which relates different MPS representations of a state, are the theoretical framework underlying many of the analytical results derived through MPS,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Gemma De las Cuevas , J. Ignacio Cirac , Norbert Schuch , David Perez-Garcia

We introduce Gaussian Matrix Product States (GMPS), a generalization of Matrix Product States (MPS) to lattices of harmonic oscillators. Our definition resembles the interpretation of MPS in terms of projected maximally entangled pairs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-20 Norbert Schuch , Michael M. Wolf , J. Ignacio Cirac

The generalization of matrix product states (MPS) to continuous systems, as proposed in the breakthrough paper [F. Verstraete, J.I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 190405(2010)], provides a powerful variational ansatz for the ground state of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-07 Martin Ganahl , Julian Rincon , Guifre Vidal

Canonical forms are central to the analytical understanding of tensor network states, underpinning key results such as the complete classification of one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases within the matrix product state…

We determine which translationally invariant matrix product states have a continuum limit, that is, which can be considered as discretized versions of states defined in the continuum. To do this, we analyse a fine-graining renormalization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-03 Gemma De las Cuevas , Norbert Schuch , David Perez-Garcia , J. Ignacio Cirac

Tensor network states, especially Matrix Product States (MPS), are crucial tools for studying how particles in large quantum systems are entangled with each other. MPS are particularly effective for modeling systems in one-dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-03 Niloofar Vardian

Relativistic continuous matrix product states (RCMPS) are a powerful variational ansatz for quantum field theories of a single field. However, they inherit a property of their non-relativistic counterpart that makes them divergent for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Karan Tiwana , Antoine Tilloy

Continuous tensor network gives a variational ansatz for the ground state of the quantum field theories (QFTs). The notable examples are the continuous matrix product state (cMPS) and the continuous multiscale entanglement renormalization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-23 Niloofar Vardian

We discuss various properties of the variational class of continuous matrix product states, a class of ansatz states for one-dimensional quantum fields that was recently introduced as the direct continuum limit of the highly successful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-23 Jutho Haegeman , J. Ignacio Cirac , Tobias J. Osborne , Frank Verstraete

(Please refer to arXiv:1810.08050, which has completely different aims but contains all the main contents of this paper) In this work, we propose to access the information of criticality and excitations of one-dimensional quantum systems by…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-10-22 Emanuele Tirrito , Luca Tagliacozzo , Maciej Lewenstein , Shi-Ju Ran

We introduce a new class of states for bosonic quantum fields which extend tensor network states to the continuum and generalize continuous matrix product states (cMPS) to spatial dimensions $d\geq 2$. By construction, they are Euclidean…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-06-11 Antoine Tilloy , J. Ignacio Cirac

We derive a criterion to determine when a translationally invariant matrix product state (MPS) has long-range localizable entanglement, where that quantity remains finite in the thermodynamic limit. We give examples fulfilling this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-30 Thorsten B. Wahl , David Perez-Garcia , J. Ignacio Cirac

We argue that the natural way to generalise a tensor network variational class to a continuous quantum system is to use the Feynman path integral to implement a continuous tensor contraction. This approach is illustrated for the case of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-22 Christoph Brockt , Jutho Haegeman , David Jennings , Tobias J. Osborne , Frank Verstraete

We investigate ensembles of Matrix Product States (MPSs) generated by quantum circuit evolution followed by projection onto MPSs with a fixed bond dimension $\chi$. Specifically, we consider ensembles produced by: (i) random sequential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Hugo Lóio , Guillaume Cecile , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Guglielmo Lami , Jacopo De Nardis

A way of constructing continuous matrix product states (cMPS) for coupled fields is presented here. The cMPS is a variational \emph{ansatz} for the ground state of quantum field theories in one dimension. Our proposed scheme is based in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-19 Fernando Quijandría , Juan José García-Ripoll , David Zueco

We review the basic theory of matrix product states (MPS) as a numerical variational ansatz for time evolution, and present two methods to simulate finite temperature systems with MPS: the ancilla method and the minimally entangled typical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2010-08-26 Michael L. Wall , Lincoln D. Carr

Just as matrix product states represent ground states of one-dimensional quantum spin systems faithfully, continuous matrix product states (cMPS) provide faithful representations of the vacuum of interacting field theories in one spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-20 Benoît Tuybens , Jacopo De Nardis , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

Matrix Product State (MPS) wavefunctions have many applications in quantum information and condensed matter physics. One application is to represent states in the thermodynamic limit directly, using a small set of position independent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-08-30 L. Michel , I. P. McCulloch
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