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Time plays a critical role in how information is generated, retrieved, and interpreted. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of Temporal Question Answering (TQA), a research area that focuses on answering questions involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bhawna Piryani , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Jamshid Mozafari , Avishek Anand , Adam Jatowt

Audio question answering (AQA) is the task of producing natural language answers when a system is provided with audio and natural language questions. In this paper, we propose neural network architectures based on self-attention and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Parthasaarathy Sudarsanam , Tuomas Virtanen

Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) involves multiple subtasks, i) to understand incomplete questions in their context, ii) to retrieve relevant information, and iii) to generate answers. This work presents PRAISE, a pipeline-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Magdalena Kaiser , Gerhard Weikum

Pre-trained contextualized embedding models such as BERT are a standard building block in many natural language processing systems. We demonstrate that the sentence-level representations produced by some off-the-shelf contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Xiliang Zhu , David Rossouw , Shayna Gardiner , Simon Corston-Oliver

Recently, Visual Question Answering (VQA) has emerged as one of the most significant tasks in multimodal learning as it requires understanding both visual and textual modalities. Existing methods mainly rely on extracting image and question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Pan Lu , Lei Ji , Wei Zhang , Nan Duan , Ming Zhou , Jianyong Wang

Smart cities need the involvement of their residents to enhance quality of life. Conversational query-answering is an emerging approach for user engagement. There is an increasing demand of an advanced conversational question-answering that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Pardis Moradbeiki , Nasser Ghadiri

Vector embeddings from pre-trained language models form a core component in Neural Information Retrieval systems across a multitude of knowledge extraction tasks. The paradigm of late interaction, introduced in ColBERT, demonstrates high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Raj Nath Patel , Sourav Dutta

Current textual question answering models achieve strong performance on in-domain test sets, but often do so by fitting surface-level patterns in the data, so they fail to generalize to out-of-distribution settings. To make a more robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jifan Chen , Greg Durrett

Visual Question Answering (VQA) emerges as one of the most fascinating topics in computer vision recently. Many state of the art methods naively use holistic visual features with language features into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Aiwen Jiang , Fang Wang , Fatih Porikli , Yi Li

Information extraction from semi-structured webpages provides valuable long-tailed facts for augmenting knowledge graph. Relational Web tables are a critical component containing additional entities and attributes of rich and diverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Daheng Wang , Prashant Shiralkar , Colin Lockard , Binxuan Huang , Xin Luna Dong , Meng Jiang

The use of conversational assistants to search for information is becoming increasingly more popular among the general public, pushing the research towards more advanced and sophisticated techniques. In the last few years, in particular,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Rafael Ferreira , David Semedo , Joao Magalhaes

Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-modal challenging task widely considered by research communities of the computer vision and natural language processing. Since most current medical VQA models focus on visual content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Haiwei Pan , Shuning He , Kejia Zhang , Bo Qu , Chunling Chen , Kun Shi

We present a method to represent input texts by contextualizing them jointly with dynamically retrieved textual encyclopedic background knowledge from multiple documents. We apply our method to reading comprehension tasks by encoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Mandar Joshi , Kenton Lee , Yi Luan , Kristina Toutanova

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is challenging due to the complex cross-modal relations. It has received extensive attention from the research community. From the human perspective, to answer a visual question, one needs to read the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Hantao Huang , Tao Han , Wei Han , Deep Yap , Cheng-Ming Chiang

We propose a new attention mechanism for neural based question answering, which depends on varying granularities of the input. Previous work focused on augmenting recurrent neural networks with simple attention mechanisms which are a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Yoram Bachrach , Andrej Zukov-Gregoric , Sam Coope , Ed Tovell , Bogdan Maksak , Jose Rodriguez , Conan McMurtie

Medical Visual Question Answering (MedVQA) aims to answer medical questions according to medical images. However, the complexity of medical data leads to confounders that are difficult to observe, so bias between images and questions is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zibo Xu , Qiang Li , Weizhi Nie , Weijie Wang , Anan Liu

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of powerful language models (LMs) that excel in various tasks. Despite these achievements, there is still room for improvement, particularly in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Abhinav Arun , Dipendra Singh Mal , Mehul Soni , Tomohiro Sawada

Soft attention is a critical mechanism powering LLMs to locate relevant parts within a given context. However, individual attention weights are determined by the similarity of only a single query and key token vector. This "single token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Olga Golovneva , Tianlu Wang , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Community question answering (CQA) forums are Internet-based platforms where users ask questions about a topic and other expert users try to provide solutions. Many CQA forums such as Quora, Stackoverflow, Yahoo!Answer, StackExchange exist…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Nafis Sajid , Md Rashidul Hasan , Muhammad Ibrahim

As new data-sets for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering are emerging, it might be needed to use the visual feature extraction as a end-to-end process during training. This small contribution aims to suggest new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Jean-Benoit Delbrouck , Antoine Maiorca , Nathan Hubens , Stéphane Dupont