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Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

General game testing relies on the use of human play testers, play test scripting, and prior knowledge of areas of interest to produce relevant test data. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we introduce a self-learning mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Joakim Bergdahl , Camilo Gordillo , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

We introduce Autoverse, an evolvable, domain-specific language for single-player 2D grid-based games, and demonstrate its use as a scalable training ground for Open-Ended Learning (OEL) algorithms. Autoverse uses cellular-automaton-like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Sam Earle , Julian Togelius

Game theory is an established branch of mathematics that offers a rich set of mathematical tools for multi-person strategic decision making that can be used to model the interactions of decision makers in security problems who compete for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Azhar Iqbal , Lachlan J. Gunn , Mingyu Guo , M. Ali Babar , Derek Abbott

In this paper, we navigate the intricate domain of reviewer rewards in open-access academic publishing, leveraging the precision of mathematics and the strategic acumen of game theory. We conceptualize the prevailing voucher-based reviewer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Minhyeok Lee

In the pursuit of artificial general intelligence, our most significant measurement of progress is an agent's ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments. Existing platforms for constructing such environments are typically…

Compositional reinforcement learning is a promising approach for training policies to perform complex long-horizon tasks. Typically, a high-level task is decomposed into a sequence of subtasks and a separate policy is trained to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Kishor Jothimurugan , Steve Hsu , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

skrl is an open-source modular library for reinforcement learning written in Python and designed with a focus on readability, simplicity, and transparency of algorithm implementations. In addition to supporting environments that use the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Antonio Serrano-Muñoz , Dimitris Chrysostomou , Simon Bøgh , Nestor Arana-Arexolaleiba

Neural MMO is a computationally accessible research platform that combines large agent populations, long time horizons, open-ended tasks, and modular game systems. Existing environments feature subsets of these properties, but Neural MMO is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Clare Zhu , Igor Mordatch , Phillip Isola

In this paper, we formulate inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) as an expert-learner interaction whereby the optimal performance intent of an expert or target agent is unknown to a learner agent. The learner observes the states and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Wenqian Xue , Bosen Lian , Jialu Fan , Tianyou Chai , Frank L. Lewis

Human computation games (HCGs) are a crowdsourcing approach to solving computationally-intractable tasks using games. In this paper, we describe the need for generalizable HCG design knowledge that accommodates the needs of both players and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Kristin Siu , Alexander Zook , Mark O. Riedl

Self-play reinforcement learning has demonstrated significant success in learning complex strategic and interactive behaviors in competitive multi-agent games. However, achieving such behaviors in continuous decision spaces remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Akash Karthikeyan , Yash Vardhan Pant

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general framework for adaptive control, which has proven to be efficient in many domains, e.g., board games, video games or autonomous vehicles. In such problems, an agent faces a sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Olivier Buffet , Olivier Pietquin , Paul Weng

Significant progress has been made in AI for games, including board games, MOBA, and RTS games. However, complex agents are typically developed in an embedded manner, directly accessing game state information, unlike human players who rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Tianyang Wu , Lipeng Wan , Yuhang Wang , Qiang Wan , Xuguang Lan

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

We characterize zonal ancillary market coupling relying on noncooperative game theory. To that purpose, we formulate the ancillary market as a multi-leader single follower bilevel problem, that we subsequently cast as a generalized Nash…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Pierre Gruet , Luce Brotcorne

Within baseball analytics, there is substantial interest in comprehensive statistics intended to capture overall player performance. One such measure is Wins Above Replacement (WAR), which aggregates the contributions of a player in each…

Applications · Statistics 2015-03-25 Benjamin S. Baumer , Shane T. Jensen , Gregory J. Matthews

We obtain global, non-asymptotic convergence guarantees for independent learning algorithms in competitive reinforcement learning settings with two agents (i.e., zero-sum stochastic games). We consider an episodic setting where in each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Constantinos Daskalakis , Dylan J. Foster , Noah Golowich

In this paper, we consider the recent trend of evaluating progress on reinforcement learning technology by using text-based environments and games as evaluation environments. This reliance on text brings advances in natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Keerthiram Murugesan , Mattia Atzeni , Pushkar Shukla , Mrinmaya Sachan , Pavan Kapanipathi , Kartik Talamadupula

Zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a setting for developing general agents, capable of solving downstream tasks without additional training or planning at test-time. While conventional RL optimizes policies for fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jacopo Di Ventura , Jan Felix Kleuker , Aske Plaat , Thomas Moerland