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Specialised pre-trained language models are becoming more frequent in NLP since they can potentially outperform models trained on generic texts. BioBERT and BioClinicalBERT are two examples of such models that have shown promise in medical…

Knowledge distillation involves transferring the predictive capabilities of large, high-performing AI models (teachers) to smaller models (students) that can operate in environments with limited computing power. In this paper, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pattarawat Chormai , Ali Hashemi , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

In text classification tasks, fine tuning pretrained language models like BERT and GPT-3 yields competitive accuracy; however, both methods require pretraining on large text datasets. In contrast, general topic modeling methods possess the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Weijie Xu , Xiaoyu Jiang , Jay Desai , Bin Han , Fuqin Yan , Francis Iannacci

Large language models are ubiquitous in natural language processing because they can adapt to new tasks without retraining. However, their sheer scale and complexity present unique challenges and opportunities, prompting researchers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Leo Donisch , Sigurd Schacht , Carsten Lanquillon

When training data is scarce, the incorporation of additional prior knowledge can assist the learning process. While it is common to initialize neural networks with weights that have been pre-trained on other large data sets, pre-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Laura von Rueden , Sebastian Houben , Kostadin Cvejoski , Christian Bauckhage , Nico Piatkowski

Deep ensembles excel in large-scale image classification tasks both in terms of prediction accuracy and calibration. Despite being simple to train, the computation and memory cost of deep ensembles limits their practicability. While some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Giung Nam , Jongmin Yoon , Yoonho Lee , Juho Lee

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) shows remarkable progress with the assistance of extremely heavy parameters, which challenges deployment in real applications. Knowledge distillation is well recognized as the essential procedure in model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Huafeng Kuang , Jie Wu , Xiawu Zheng , Ming Li , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Min Zheng , Rongrong Ji

With the urgent demand for generalized deep models, many pre-trained big models are proposed, such as BERT, ViT, GPT, etc. Inspired by the success of these models in single domains (like computer vision and natural language processing), the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Xiao Wang , Guangyao Chen , Guangwu Qian , Pengcheng Gao , Xiao-Yong Wei , Yaowei Wang , Yonghong Tian , Wen Gao

Although larger datasets are crucial for training large deep models, the rapid growth of dataset size has brought a significant challenge in terms of considerable training costs, which even results in prohibitive computational expenses.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Sheng-Feng Yu , Jia-Jiun Yao , Wei-Chen Chiu

Recently, leveraging pre-trained Transformer based language models in down stream, task specific models has advanced state of the art results in natural language understanding tasks. However, only a little research has explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Daniel Grießhaber , Johannes Maucher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used to train small, high-performing student language models (LMs) using large teacher LMs. While effective in fine-tuning, KD during pre-training faces efficiency, flexibility, and effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuxian Gu , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in their reasoning abilities, yet their large size presents scalability challenges and limits any further customization. In contrast, compact models offer customized training but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Denis Tarasov , Kumar Shridhar

In natural language processing, pre-trained language models have become essential infrastructures. However, these models often suffer from issues such as large size, long inference time, and challenging deployment. Moreover, most mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Xin Yao , Ziqing Yang , Yiming Cui , Shijin Wang

Text prediction models, when used in applications like email clients or word processors, must protect user data privacy and adhere to model size constraints. These constraints are crucial to meet memory and inference time requirements, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Da Yu , Sivakanth Gopi , Janardhan Kulkarni , Zinan Lin , Saurabh Naik , Tomasz Lukasz Religa , Jian Yin , Huishuai Zhang

Knowledge distillation aims to compress a powerful yet cumbersome teacher model into a lightweight student model without much sacrifice of performance. For this purpose, various approaches have been proposed over the past few years,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Defang Chen , Jian-Ping Mei , Hailin Zhang , Can Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Quantization, knowledge distillation, and magnitude pruning are among the most popular methods for neural network compression in NLP. Independently, these methods reduce model size and can accelerate inference, but their relative benefit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Rajiv Movva , Jinhao Lei , Shayne Longpre , Ajay Gupta , Chris DuBois

Transformer-based pre-trained language models have significantly improved the performance of various natural language processing (NLP) tasks in the recent years. While effective and prevalent, these models are usually prohibitively large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Dongkuan Xu , Ian E. H. Yen , Jinxi Zhao , Zhibin Xiao

To reduce model size during post-training, compression methods, including knowledge distillation, low-rank approximation, and pruning, are often applied after fine-tuning the model. However, sequential fine-tuning and compression sacrifices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Matthew Brand , Pu , Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks through fine-tuning. However, fine-tuned models still suffer from overconfident predictions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Guande He , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu