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Despite rapid advances in quantum computing technologies, the qubit connectivity limitation remains to be a critical challenge. Both near-term NISQ quantum computers and relatively long-term scalable quantum architectures do not offer full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Ji Liu , Peiyi Li , Huiyang Zhou

The synthesis approaches for quantum circuits typically aim at minimizing the number of lines or gates. Given the tight restrictions on those logical resources in physical implementations, we propose to view the problem fundamentally…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Niels Gleinig , Tobias Rohner , Torsten Hoefler

Here we explore which heuristic quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization might be most practical to try out on a small fault-tolerant quantum computer. We compile circuits for several variants of quantum accelerated simulated…

A limited number of qubits, high error rates, and limited qubit connectivity are major challenges for effective near-term quantum computations. Quantum circuit partitioning divides a quantum computation into a set of computations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Kevin Krsulich

Variational quantum circuits build the foundation for various classes of quantum algorithms. In a nutshell, the weights of a parametrized quantum circuit are varied until the empirical sampling distribution of the circuit is sufficiently…

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

Quantum circuit transformation (QCT), necessary for adapting any quantum circuit to the qubit connectivity constraints of the NISQ device, often introduces numerous additional SWAP gates into the original circuit, increasing the circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Yunqi Huang , Xiangzhen Zhou , Fanxu Meng , Pengcheng Zhu , Yu Luo , Zhenlong Du

Quantum hashing is a useful technique that allows us to construct memory-efficient algorithms and secure quantum protocols. First, we present a circuit that implements the phase form of quantum hashing using $2^{n-1}$ CNOT gates, where n is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Ilnar Zinnatullin , Kamil Khadiev

Quantum computing is an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, machine learning, optimization, and quantum simulation. However, a major challenge in the realization of quantum algorithms on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-31 Robert Wille , Lukas Burgholzer

As superconducting qubits continue to advance technologically, the realization of quantum algorithms from theoretical abstraction to physical implementation requires knowledge of both quantum circuit construction as well as hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Daniel Koch , Brett Martin , Saahil Patel , Laura Wessing , Paul M. Alsing

Quantum algorithms can be realized in the form of a quantum circuit. To map quantum circuit for specific quantum algorithm to quantum hardware, qubit mapping is an imperative technique based on the qubit topology. Due to the neighbourhood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti

Full connectivity of qubits is necessary for most quantum algorithms, which is difficult to directly implement on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum processors. However, inserting swap gate to enable the two-qubit gates between uncoupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Bin-Han Lu , Yu-Chun Wu , Wei-Cheng Kong , Qi Zhou , Guo-Ping Guo

The recent progress in the physical realization of quantum computers (the first publicly available ones--IBM's QX architectures--have been launched in 2017) has motivated research on automatic methods that aid users in running quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Robert Wille , Lukas Burgholzer , Alwin Zulehner

Existing quantum systems provide very limited physical qubit counts, trying to execute a quantum algorithm/circuit on them that have a higher number of logical qubits than physically available lead to a compile-time error. Given that it is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Movahhed Sadeghi , Soheil Khadirsharbiyani , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

The quantum circuit mapping approach is an indispensable part of the software stack for the noisy intermediatescale quantum (NISQ) device. It has a significant impact on the reliability of computational tasks on NISQ devices. To improve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Pengcheng Zhu , Weiping Ding , Lihua Wei , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Quantum computing leverages the unique properties of qubits and quantum parallelism to solve problems intractable for classical systems, offering unparalleled computational potential. However, the optimization of quantum circuits remains…

We present a formalism based on tracking the flow of parity quantum information to implement algorithms on devices with limited connectivity without qubit overhead, SWAP operations or shuttling. Instead, we leverage the fact that entangling…

A quantum circuit must be preprocessed before implementing on NISQ devices due to the connectivity constraint. Quantum circuit mapping (QCM) transforms the circuit into an equivalent one that is compliant with the NISQ device's architecture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Pengcheng Zhu , Shenggen Zheng , Lihua Wei , Xueyun Cheng , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng