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Related papers: Regression Analysis of Unmeasured Confounding

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Proxy variables are commonly used in causal inference when unmeasured confounding exists. While most existing proximal methods assume a unidirectional causal relationship between two primary variables, many social and biological systems…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-21 Jiaqi Min , Xueyue Zhang , Shanshan Luo

Regression on observational data can fail to capture a causal relationship in the presence of unobserved confounding. Confounding strength measures this mismatch, but estimating it requires itself additional assumptions. A common assumption…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-04 Luca Rendsburg , Leena Chennuru Vankadara , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar , Ulrike von Luxburg

In safety-critical applications data-driven models must not only be accurate but also provide reliable uncertainty estimates. This property, commonly referred to as calibration, is essential for risk-aware decision-making. In regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jelke Wibbeke , Nico Schönfisch , Sebastian Rohjans , Andreas Rauh

Beta regression models provide an adequate approach for modeling continuous outcomes limited to the interval (0,1). This paper deals with an extension of beta regression models that allow for explanatory variables to be measured with error.…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-04-11 Jalmar M. F. Carrasco , Silvia L. P. Ferrari , Reinaldo B. Arellano-Valle

Unmeasured confounding may undermine the validity of causal inference with observational studies. Sensitivity analysis provides an attractive way to partially circumvent this issue by assessing the potential influence of unmeasured…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-15 Peng Ding , Tyler VanderWeele

In observational studies, identification of ATEs is generally achieved by assuming that the correct set of confounders has been measured and properly included in the relevant models. Because this assumption is both strong and untestable, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-18 Matteo Bonvini , Edward H Kennedy

Ordered response scales are ubiquitous in economics, but their interpretation rests on an untested assumption: that numerical labels reflect equal psychological intervals. The contribution of this paper is to provide a systematic assessment…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-03 Caspar Kaiser , Anthony Lepinteur

This paper clarifies a fundamental difference between causal inference and traditional statistical inference by formalizing a mathematical distinction between their respective parameters. We connect two major approaches to causal inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-29 Muye Liu , Jun Xie

We consider a general regression model, without a scale parameter. Our aim is to construct a confidence interval for a scalar parameter of interest $\theta$ that utilizes the uncertain prior information that a distinct scalar parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-17 Paul Kabaila , Nishika Ranathunga

The problem of estimating the slope parameter in regression between two spatial processes under confounding by an unmeasured spatial process has received widespread attention in the recent statistical literature. Yet, a fundamental question…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Abhirup Datta , Michael L. Stein

Data-driven decision making frequently relies on predicting counterfactual outcomes. In practice, researchers commonly train counterfactual prediction models on a source dataset to inform decisions on a possibly separate target population.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Keith Barnatchez , Kevin P. Josey , Rachel C. Nethery , Giovanni Parmigiani

Meta-analysis is an important statistical technique for synthesizing the results of multiple studies regarding the same or closely related research question. So-called meta-regression extends meta-analysis models by accounting for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-22 Thilo Welz , Eric S. Knop , Tim Friede , Markus Pauly

How can we draw trustworthy scientific conclusions? One criterion is that a study can be replicated by independent teams. While replication is critically important, it is arguably insufficient. If a study is biased for some reason and other…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Yujin Jeong , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Background: Measurement errors in terms of quantification or classification frequently occur in epidemiologic data and can strongly impact inference. Measurement errors may occur when ascertaining, recording or extracting data. Although the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Walter K Kremers

Doubly robust estimators of causal effects are a popular means of estimating causal effects. Such estimators combine an estimate of the conditional mean of the outcome given treatment and confounders (the so-called outcome regression) with…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-17 David Benkeser , Weixin Cai , Mark J van der Laan

Estimating average causal effect (ACE) is useful whenever we want to know the effect of an intervention on a given outcome. In the absence of a randomized experiment, many methods such as stratification and inverse propensity weighting have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Rathin Desai , Amit Sharma

Managers, employers, policymakers, and others often seek to understand whether decisions are biased against certain groups. One popular analytic strategy is to estimate disparities after adjusting for observed covariates, typically with a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-29 Jongbin Jung , Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

No unmeasured confounding is often assumed in estimating treatment effects in observational data when using approaches such as propensity scores and inverse probability weighting. However, in many such studies due to the limitation of the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-06 Rong Huang , Ronghui Xu , Parambir S. Dulai

Many applications of computational social science aim to infer causal conclusions from non-experimental data. Such observational data often contains confounders, variables that influence both potential causes and potential effects.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Katherine A. Keith , David Jensen , Brendan O'Connor

The era of big data has witnessed an increasing availability of multiple data sources for statistical analyses. We consider estimation of causal effects combining big main data with unmeasured confounders and smaller validation data with…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Shu Yang , Peng Ding