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The solar corona is much hotter than the photosphere and chromosphere, but the physical mechanism responsible for heating the coronal plasma remains unidentified yet. The thermal microwave emission, which is produced in strong magnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-27 Alexey A. Kuznetsov , Gregory D. Fleishman , Gelu M. Nita , Sergey A. Anfinogentov

The magnetic network extending from the photosphere (solar radius $\simeq R_\odot$) to lower corona ($R_\odot + 10$ Mm) plays an important role in the heating mechanisms of the solar atmosphere. Here we further develop the models with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-02 Frederick A. Gent , Ben Snow , Viktor Fedun , Robertus Erdelyi

The MURaM (Max Planck University of Chicago Radiative MHD) code is a solar atmosphere radiative MHD model that has been broadly applied to solar phenomena ranging from quiet to active sun, including eruptive events such as flares and…

High-resolution images of the solar surface show a granulation pattern of hot rising and cooler downward-sinking material -- the top of the deep-reaching solar convection zone. Convection plays a role for the thermal structure of the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-14 Bernd Freytag , Matthias Steffen , Hans-Günter Ludwig , Sven Wedemeyer-Böhm , Werner Schaffenberger , Oskar Steiner

The Mancha3D code is a versatile tool for numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic processes in solar/stellar atmospheres. The code includes non-ideal physics derived from plasma partial ionization, a realistic equation of state and…

We report preliminary results from a series of numerical simulations of the reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations, used to describe the dynamics of magnetic loops in active regions of the solar corona. A stationary velocity field is applied…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Pablo Dmitruk , Daniel Gomez

Oscillations are abundant in the solar corona. Coronal loop oscillations are typically studied using highly idealised models of magnetic flux tubes. In order to improve our understanding of coronal oscillations, it is necessary to consider…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 P. Kohutova , P. Antolin , M. Szydlarski , M. Carlsson

We study extreme-ultraviolet emission line spectra derived from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of structures in the corona. In order to investigate the effects of increased magnetic activity at photospheric levels in a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-16 Pia Zacharias , Sven Bingert , Hardi Peter

We present first results of the hybrid data-driven magnetofrictional (MF) and data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solar active region NOAA 11158, which produced an X-class flare and coronal mass ejection on 2011…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 A. Afanasyev , Y. Fan , M. Kazachenko , M. Cheung

From the the solar photosphere to the outer heliosphere, the Sun's plasma properties are fluctuating with a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. In fact, a turbulent cascade of energy from large to small scales is a frequently…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-30 Steven R. Cranmer

Context. High resolution magnetic field measurements are routinely done only in the solar photosphere. Higher layers like the chromosphere and corona can be modeled by extrapolating the photospheric magnetic field upward. In the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xiaoshuai Zhu , Thomas Wiegelmann , Sami Solanki

The mechanism behind coronal heating still elude direct observation and modelling of viable theoretical processes and the subsequent effect on coronal structures is one of the key tools available to assess possible heating mechanisms.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-11 P. Pagano , I. De Moortel , R. J. Morton

Context. Tracing wave activity from the photosphere to the corona has important implications for coronal heating and prediction of the solar wind. Despite extensive theory and simulations, the detection of waves in realistic MHD simulations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 George Cherry , Boris Gudiksen , Adam J. Finley

The Sun's outer atmosphere, the corona, is maintained at mega-Kelvin temperatures and fills the heliosphere with a supersonic outflowing wind. The dissipation of magnetic waves and direct electric currents are likely to be the most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-21 A. K. Srivastava , Sripan Mondal , Eric R. Priest , Sudheer K. Mishra , David I. Pontin , R. Y. Kwon , Ding Yuan , K. Murawski , Ayumi Asai

Sunspots on the surface of the Sun are the observational signatures of intense manifestations of tightly packed magnetic field lines, with near-vertical field strengths exceeding 6,000 G in extreme cases. It is well accepted that both the…

The measured average velocities in solar and stellar spectral lines formed at transition region temperatures have been difficult to interpret. However, realistic three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamics (3D rMHD) models of the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-11 P. Zacharias , V. H. Hansteen , J. Leenaarts , M. Carlsson , B. V. Gudiksen

We present an updated global model of the solar corona, including the transition region. We simulate the realistic tree-dimensional (3D) magnetic field using the data from the photospheric magnetic field measurements and assume the…

It remains unclear which physical processes are responsible for the dramatic increase with height of the temperature in stellar atmospheres, known as the chromospheric ($\sim$10,000 K) and coronal (several million K) heating problems.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-17 Souvik Bose , Bart De Pontieu , Viggo Hansteen , Alberto Sainz Dalda , Sabrina Savage , Amy Winebarger

The dynamical coupling between the solar chromospheric plasma and magnetic field is investigated by numerically solving a fully self-consistent, two-dimensional initial-value problem for the nonlinear collisional MHD equations including…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-09 L. M. Alekseeva , S. P. Kshevetskii

We study the physical properties and behavior of the solar atmosphere during the GOES X1.6 solar flare on 2014 September 10. The steady plasma flows and the fast sausage MHD waves were analysed with the wavelet separation method. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-18 Hana Meszarosova , Peter Gomory