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In this paper, we address the joint optimization of fleet size and mix, along with vehicle routing, under uncertain customer demand. We propose a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model, where first-stage decisions concern the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Paolo Beatrici , Sebastian Birolini , Francesca Maggioni , Paolo Malighetti

In this paper, we consider the Online Traveling Salesperson Problem (OLTSP) where the locations of the requests are known in advance, but not their arrival times. We study both the open variant, in which the algorithm is not required to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Evripidis Bampis , Bruno Escoffier , Niklas Hahn , Michalis Xefteris

The Vehicle Routing Problem with pickups, deliveries and spatiotemporal service constraints ($VRPPDSTC$) is a quite challenging algorithmic problem that can be dealt with in either an offline or an online fashion. In this work, we focus on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Spyros Kontogiannis , Andreas Paraskevopoulos , Christos Zaroliagis

We introduce the $L_p$ Traveling Salesman Problem ($L_p$-TSP), given by an origin, a set of destinations, and underlying distances. The objective is to schedule a destination visit sequence for a traveler of unit speed to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Majid Farhadi , Alejandro Toriello , Prasad Tetali

Ride-pooling services, such as UberPool and Lyft Shared Saver, enable a single vehicle to serve multiple customers within one shared trip. Efficient path-planning algorithms are crucial for improving the performance of such systems. For…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Pengbo Zhu , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate , Nikolas Geroliminis

In response to the Amazon Last-Mile Routing Challenge, Team Permission Denied proposes a hierarchical Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) optimization with a customized cost matrix. The higher level TSP solves for the zone sequence while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Xiaotong Guo , Baichuan Mo , Qingyi Wang

The static bike rebalancing problem (SBRP) concerns the task of repositioning bikes among stations in self-service bike-sharing systems. This problem can be seen as a variant of the one-commodity pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-05 Fábio Cruz , Anand Subramanian , Bruno P. Bruck , Manuel Iori

This study introduces the Iterative Chainlet Partitioning (ICP) algorithm and its neural acceleration for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone (TSP-D). The proposed ICP algorithm decomposes a TSP-D solution into smaller…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jae Hyeok Lee , Minwoo Kim , Minjun Kim , Jinkyoo Park , Changhyun Kwon

The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Václav Blažej , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Foivos Fioravantes , Paweł Rzążewski , Ondřej Suchý

Motivated by the tactical planning level of demand adaptive public transportation systems, we present the stochastic symmetric traveling salesman problem with generalized latency (STSP-GL), a stochastic extension to the symmetric traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Benedikt Lienkamp , Mike Hewitt , Maximilian Schiffer

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) to minimize the length of the longest tour. The genetic algorithm utilizes a TSP sequence as the representation of each individual,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sasan Mahmoudinazlou , Changhyun Kwon

Fixed pickup and delivery times can strongly limit the performance of freight transportation. Against this backdrop, fleet operators can use compensation mechanisms such as monetary incentives to buy delay time from their customers, in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Mauro Salazar , Zaiyue Yang

Self Organizing Migrating Algorithm (SOMA) is a meta-heuristic algorithm based on the self-organizing behavior of individuals in a simulated social environment. SOMA performs iterative computations on a population of potential solutions in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Shubham Dokania , Sunyam Bagga , Rohit Sharma

This paper introduces a new hierarchical facility location model with three levels: first-level facilities which manufacture different products, second-level facilities which act as warehouses and a third-level consisting of the clients who…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Marta Baldomero-Naranjo , Luisa I. Martínez-Merino , Antonio M. Rodríguez-Chía

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

Dynamic routing occurs when customers are not known in advance, e.g. for real-time routing. Two heuristics are proposed that solve the balanced dynamic multiple travelling salesmen problem (BD-mTSP). These heuristics represent operational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Wolfgang Garn

Full truckload transportation (FTL) in the form of freight containers represents one of the most important transportation modes in international trade. Due to large volume and scale, in FTL, delivery time is often less critical but cost and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Ning Xue , Ruibin Bai , Rong Qu , Uwe Aickelin

In the Bounded Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (BMTSP), a tour for each salesman, that starts and ends at the depot and that respects the bounds on the number of cities that a feasible salesman tour should satisfy, is to be constructed.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Víctor Pacheco-Valencia , Nodari Vakhania

Surveillance applications require a collection of heterogeneous vehicles to visit a set of targets. In this article, we consider a fundamental routing problem that arises in these applications involving two vehicles. Specifically, we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Jungyun Bae , Sivakumar Rathinam

Recent advancements in the flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) are primarily based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) due to its ability to generate high-quality, real-time solutions. However, DRL approaches often fail to fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana