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The IceCube neutrino observatory is a 3D array of photodetectors installed in the Antarctic ice. It consists of 5,160 photomultiplier-tubes spread among 86 vertical strings making a total detector volume of more than a cubic kilometer. It…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Christoph Tönnis

IceCube is a 1 km3 neutrino telescope currently under construction at the South Pole. The detector will consist of 4800 optical sensors deployed at depths between 1450 m and 2450 m in clear Antarctic ice evenly distributed over 80 strings.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Albrecht Karle

Since the early days of experimental particle physics photomultipliers (PMTs) have played an important role in the detector design. Thanks to their capability of fast photon counting, PMTs are extensively used in the new-generation of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-08-24 C. Bozza , T. Chiarusi , M. Costa , F. Di Capua , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Mele , P. Migliozzi , C. M. Mollo , C. Pellegrino , G. Riccobene , D. Vivolo

IceCube is a km^3 scale neutrino detector being constructed deep in the Antarctic ice. When complete, IceCube will consist of 4800 optical modules deployed on 80 strings between 1450 and 2450 m of depth. During the 2007-2008 data taking…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Erik Strahler

The IceCube collaboration is building a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope at a depth of 2 km at the geographic South Pole, utilizing the clear Antarctic ice as a Cherenkov medium to detect cosmic neutrinos. The IceCube observatory is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Timo Karg

The Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (PINGU) is a proposed low-energy in-fill array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Leveraging technology proven with IceCube, PINGU will feature the world's largest effective volume for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-09-07 PINGU Collaboration

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a kilometer-scale detector currently under construction at the South Pole. The full detector will comprise 5,160 photomultipliers (PMTs) deployed on 86 strings from 1.45-2.45 km deep within the ice. As of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Juan A. Aguilar

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory deployed 5160 digital optical modules (DOMs) on 86 cables, called strings, in a cubic kilometer of deep glacial ice below the geographic South Pole. These record the Cherenkov light of passing charged…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-11 Matti Janson , Saskia Philippen , Martin Rongen

There are 17,612 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) installed at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). Developing a precise optical model for the PMTs is crucial for enhancing the accuracy of detector simulations and…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-03 Y. Ren , X. Yang , Y. Wang , Z. Deng , Z. Qin , A. Olshevskiy , W. Wang , N. Anfimov , Z. Wang , G. Cao

IceCube is a kilometer-scale high energy neutrino detector that builds on the wealth of experience accumulated with its smaller predecessor, AMANDA. An international collaboration has begun construction of key components of the IceCube…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Martin Kestel

In this letter, we study the potential of boosting the atmospheric neutrino experiments sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) sensitivity by incorporating inelasticity measurements. We show how this observable improves the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-22 Santiago Giner Olavarrieta , Miaochen Jin , Carlos A. Argüelles , Pablo Fernández , Ivan Martínez-Soler

The IceCube neutrino observatory, under construction at the South Pole, consists of three sub-detectors: a km-scale array of digital optical modules deployed deep in the ice, the AMANDA neutrino telescope and the surface array IceTop. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 E. Resconi

We report on the current construction status of the IceCube high energy neutrino observatory and possible future construction plans. With the completion of the fourth construction season in Feb. 2008, the observatory is now instrumenting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 M. Ribordy

With the rise of neutrino astronomy using large-volume detector arrays, calibration improvements of optical media and photosensors have emerged as significant means to reduce detector systematics. To improve understanding of the detector…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 F. Henningsen , M. Boehmer , A. Gärtner , L. Geilen , R. Gernhäuser , H. Heggen , K. Holzapfel , C. Fruck , L. Papp , I. C. Rea , E. Resconi , F. Schmuckermaier , C. Spannfellner , M. Traxler

Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-03-20 J. Brack , B. Delgado , J. Dhooghe , J. Felde , B. Gookin , S. Grullon , J. R. Klein , R. Knapik , A. LaTorre , S. Seibert , K. Shapiro , R. Svoboda , L. Ware , R. Van Berg

The MiniBooNE neutrino oscillation experiment at Fermilab uses 1520 8-inch PMTs: 1197 PMTs are Hamamatsu model R1408 and the rest are model R5912. All of the PMTs were tested to qualify for inclusion in the detector, sorted according to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrew O. Bazarko

IceCube is a kilometer-scale high energy neutrino telescope under construction at the South Pole, a second-generation instrument expanding the capabilities of the AMANDA telescope. The scientific portfolio of IceCube includes the detection…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-07-22 Tyce DeYoung

We present a detailed characterisation of the new Hamamatsu R12199-01 HA MOD 3-inch photomultiplier tube (PMT) which is under consideration for the use in segmented optical modules of deep-ice neutrino detectors at the South Pole. Because…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-03-20 M. A. Unland Elorrieta , L. Classen , J. Reubelt , S. Schmiemann , J. Schneider , A. Kappes

IceCube is a km-scale neutrino observatory under construction at the South Pole with sensors both in the deep ice (InIce) and on the surface (IceTop). The sensors, called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), detect, digitize and timestamp the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-27 The IceCube Collaboration

The IceCube Upgrade, currently under construction at the geographic South Pole, is the next development stage of the IceCube detector. It will consist of seven new columns of novel optical sensors and advanced calibration devices densely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-10 Kaustav Dutta , Tianlu Yuan , Steve Sclafani , Sarah Mancina