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We propose here a quantum secret sharing scheme that works for both quantum and classical secrets. The proposed scheme is based on both entanglement swapping and teleportation together. It allows sender to encrypt his/her secret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-30 Muhammad Nadeem , Noor Ul Ain

E-commerce, a type of trading that occurs at a high frequency on the Internet, requires guaranteeing the integrity, authentication and non-repudiation of messages through long distance. As current e-commerce schemes are vulnerable to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Xiao-Yu Cao , Bing-Hong Li , Yang Wang , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We study long-term equilibria that arise in the token monetary policy, or tokenomics, design of proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain systems that engage utility maximizing users and validators. Validators are system maintainers who get rewarded…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Aggelos Kiayias , Philip Lazos , Paolo Penna

The rise of quantum networks has revolutionized domains such as communication, sensing, and cybersecurity. Despite this progress, current quantum network systems remain limited in scale, are highly application-specific (e.g., for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Raj Kamleshkumar Madhu , Visuttha Manthamkarn , Zheshen Zhang , Jianqing Liu

Semi-quantum protocols that allow some of the users to remain classical are proposed for a large class of problems associated with secure communication and secure multiparty computation. Specifically, first time semi-quantum protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-10 Chitra Shukla , Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

A quantum tamper-evident encryption scheme is a non-interactive symmetric-key encryption scheme mapping classical messages to quantum ciphertexts such that an honest recipient of a ciphertext can detect with high probability any meaningful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Sébastien Lord

Distributed immutable ledgers, or blockchains, allow the secure digitization of evidential transactions without relying on a trusted third-party. Evidential transactions involve the exchange of any form of physical evidence, such as money,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zaynah Dargaye , Önder Gürcan , Florent Kirchner , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers the promise of absolutely secure communications. However, proofs of absolute security often assume perfect implementation from theory to experiment. Thus, existing systems may be prone to insidious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-23 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

We present a quantum version of a cipher used in cryptography where the message to be communicated is encoded into the relative phase of a quantum state using the shared key. The encoded quantum information carrying the message is actually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-07 Vikram Menon , Ayan Chattopadhyay

We characterize digital cash as the digital equivalent of physical cash: secure, fungible, decentralized, directly controlled, privacy-preserving; but enhanced with qualitatively new functionality. It is extremely efficiently transferable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Søren Debois , Fritz Henglein , Morten C. Nielsen , Christian Olesen , Gert Sylvest

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant users to exchange a secret key with information-theoretic security, based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. While it is arguably the most mature application of quantum…

Fair exchange protocols let two mutually distrustful parties exchange digital data in a way that neither party can cheat. They have various applications such as the exchange of digital items, or the exchange of digital coins and digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Aydin Abadi , Steven J. Murdoch , Thomas Zacharias

With the recent rise of cryptocurrencies' popularity, the security and management of crypto-tokens have become critical. We have witnessed many attacks on users and providers, which have resulted in significant financial losses. To remedy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Ivan Homoliak , Dominik Breitenbacher , Ondrej Hujnak , Pieter Hartel , Alexander Binder , Pawel Szalachowski

Monero is a popular crypto-currency which focuses on privacy. The blockchain uses cryptographic techniques to obscure transaction values as well as a `ring confidential transaction' which seeks to hide a real transaction among a variable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Nathan Borggren , Hyoung-yoon Kim , Lihan Yao , Gary Koplik

Quantum homomorphic encryption is the corresponding technology of classical homomorphic encryption in the quantum field. Due to its ability to ensure the correctness of computation and the security of data, it is particularly suitable for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Zhen-Zhen Li , Ming-Kui Liu , Wen-Ling Yang , Bo Gao , Zi-Chen Li

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution which can be implemented using only low-cost and off-the-shelf components reveals great potential in the practical large-scale realization. Access network as a modern network necessity, connects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Xiangyu Wang , Ziyang Chen , Zhenghua Li , Dengke Qi , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 T. C. Ralph , N. Walk

A ($t$, $n$) threshold quantum secret sharing (QSS) is proposed based on a single $d$-level quantum system. It enables the ($t$, $n$) threshold structure based on Shamir's secret sharing and simply requires sequential communication in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Changbin Lu , Fuyou Miao , Junpeng Hou , Keju Meng

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a key application in quantum communication, enabling secure key exchange between parties using quantum states. Twin-field (TF) QKD offers a promising solution that surpasses the repeaterless limits, and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Chunfeng Huang , Rui Guan , Xin Liu , Wenjie He , Shizhuo Li , Hao Liang , Ziyang Luo , Zhenrong Zhang , Wei Li , Kejin Wei

Distributed quantum information in networks is paramount for global secure quantum communication. Moreover, it finds applications as a resource for relevant tasks, such as clock synchronization, magnetic field sensing, and blind quantum…