Related papers: Efficient and powerful equivalency test on combine…

Equivalence testing plays a key role in several domains, such as the development of generic medical products, which are therapeutically equivalent to brand-name drugs but with reduced cost and increased accessibility. Promoting access to…

Proficiency Testing (PT) determines the performance of individual laboratories for specific tests or measurements and it is used to monitor the reliability of laboratories measurements. PT plays a highly valuable role as it provides an…

Binary classification is a fundamental task in machine learning, with applications spanning various scientific domains. Whether scientists are conducting fundamental research or refining practical applications, they typically assess and…

We derive a new class of statistical tests for generalized linear models based on thresholding point estimators. These tests can be employed whether the model includes more parameters than observations or not. For linear models, our tests…

In recent years, data selection has emerged as a core issue for large-scale visual-language model pretraining, especially on noisy web-curated datasets. One widely adopted strategy assigns quality scores such as CLIP similarity for each…

This paper is motivated by medical studies in which the same patients with multiple sclerosis are examined at several successive visits and described by fractional anisotropy tract profiles, which can be represented as functions. Since the…

This article presents a novel, general, and effective simulation-inspired approach, called {\it repro samples method}, to conduct statistical inference. The approach studies the performance of artificial samples, referred to as {\it repro…

Randomized benchmarking is a powerful technique to efficiently estimate the performance and reliability of quantum gates, circuits and devices. Here we propose to perform randomized benchmarking in a coherent way, where superpositions of…

Background: In the field of radiology and radiotherapy, accurate delineation of tissues and organs plays a crucial role in both diagnostics and therapeutics. While the gold standard remains expert-driven manual segmentation, many automatic…

How do we know if two systems - biological or artificial - process information in a similar way? Similarity measures such as linear regression, Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA), Normalized Bures Similarity (NBS), and angular Procrustes…

Objective: Bland and Altman plot method is a widely cited and applied graphical approach for assessing the equivalence of quantitative measurement techniques, usually aiming to replace a traditional technique with a new, less invasive, or…

We propose a kernel-based partial permutation test for checking the equality of functional relationship between response and covariates among different groups. The main idea, which is intuitive and easy to implement, is to keep the…

Multivariate equivalence testing is needed in a variety of scenarios for drug development. For example, drug products obtained from natural sources may contain many components for which the individual effects and/or their interactions on…

This paper proposes Relational Similarity Machines (RSM): a fast, accurate, and flexible relational learning framework for supervised and semi-supervised learning tasks. Despite the importance of relational learning, most existing methods…

For a set of dependent random variables, without stationary or the strong mixing assumptions, we derive the asymptotic independence between their sums and maxima. Then we apply this result to high-dimensional testing problems, where we…

Equivalence tests, otherwise known as parity or similarity tests, are frequently used in ``bioequivalence studies" to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. In this article, we propose an…

We present an extension to the robust phase estimation protocol, which can identify incorrect results that would otherwise lie outside the expected statistical range. Robust phase estimation is increasingly a method of choice for…

Clinical trials often seek to determine the superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority of an experimental condition (e.g., a new drug) compared to a control condition (e.g., a placebo or an already existing drug). The use of frequentist…

This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to…

Conformance checking techniques let us find out to what degree a process model and real execution data correspond to each other. In recent years, alignments have proven extremely useful in calculating conformance statistics. Most techniques…