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This paper summarizes the idea of Subarray-Level Parallelism (SALP) in DRAM, which was published in ISCA 2012, and examines the work's significance and future potential. Modern DRAMs have multiple banks to serve multiple memory requests in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Yoongu Kim , Vivek Seshadri , Donghyuk Lee , Jamie Liu , Onur Mutlu

This article summarizes the idea of "refresh-access parallelism," which was published in HPCA 2014, and examines the work's significance and future potential. The overarching objective of our HPCA 2014 paper is to reduce the significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-04 K. K. Chang , D. Lee , Z. Chishti , A. R. Alameldeen , C. Wilkerson , Y. Kim , O. Mutlu

Modern DRAM cells are periodically refreshed to prevent data loss due to leakage. Commodity DDR DRAM refreshes cells at the rank level. This degrades performance significantly because it prevents an entire rank from serving memory requests…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Kevin K. Chang , Donghyuk Lee , Zeshan Chishti , Alaa R. Alameldeen , Chris Wilkerson , Yoongu Kim , Onur Mutlu

Modern DRAM cells are periodically refreshed to prevent data loss due to leakage. Commodity DDR DRAM refreshes cells at the rank level. This degrades performance significantly because it prevents an entire rank from serving memory requests…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Kevin Kai-Wei Chang , Donghyuk Lee , Zeshan Chishti , Alaa R. Alameldeen , Chris Wilkerson , Yoongu Kim , Onur Mutlu

The rapid development of multi-core system and increase of data-intensive application in recent years call for larger main memory. Traditional DRAM memory can increase its capacity by reducing the feature size of storage cell. Now further…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Shenchen Ruan , Haixia Wang , Dongsheng Wang

The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Yinjin Fu

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a scalable and low latency non-volatile memory (NVM) technology that has been proposed to serve as storage class memory (SCM), providing low access latency similar to DRAM and often approaching or exceeding the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Shihao Song , Anup Das

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exponentially increased the demand for efficient serving systems. With growing requests and context lengths, key-value (KV)-related operations, including attention computation and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Yutian Zhou , Yintao He , Mengdi Wang , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Indexing is a well-known database technique used to facilitate data access and speed up query processing. Nevertheless, the construction and modification of indexes are very expensive. In traditional approaches, all records in the database…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wojciech Macyna , Michal Kukowski

In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Sparsh Mittal

The growing memory demands of modern applications have driven the adoption of far memory technologies in data centers to provide cost-effective, high-capacity memory solutions. However, far memory presents new performance challenges because…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Luming Wang , Xu Zhang , Songyue Wang , Zhuolun Jiang , Tianyue Lu , Mingyu Chen , Siwei Luo , Keji Huang

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) enhances memory with computational capabilities, potentially solving energy and latency issues associated with data transfer between memory and processors. However, managing concurrent computation and data flow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Mamdouh , Haoran Geng , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Dayane Reis

Data movement between the processor and the main memory is a first-order obstacle against improving performance and energy efficiency in modern systems. To address this obstacle, Processing-using-Memory (PuM) is a promising approach where…

With the imminent slowing down of DRAM scaling, Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a lead alternative for main memory technology. While PCM achieves low energy due to various technology-specific advantages, PCM is significantly slower…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-04-17 Hamza Bin Sohail , Balajee Vamanan , T. N. Vijaykumar

As the number of cores in a single chip increases, a typical implementation of coherence protocol adds significant hardware and complexity overhead. Besides, the performance of CMP system depends on the data access latency, which is highly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Gongming Li , Hong An

In-memory database query processing frequently involves substantial data transfers between the CPU and memory, leading to inefficiencies due to Von Neumann bottleneck. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer a viable solution to…

We survey the current state of phase change memory (PCM), a non-volatile solid-state memory technology built around the large electrical contrast between the highly-resistive amorphous and highly-conductive crystalline states in so-called…

As data-intensive applications increasingly strain conventional computing systems, processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising paradigm to alleviate the memory wall by minimizing data transfer between memory and processing units.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Neuner , Henriette Padberg , Lior Kornblum , Eilam Yalon , Pedram Khalili Amiri , Shahar Kvatinsky

The latest trends in high-performance computing systems show an increasing demand on the use of a large scale multicore systems in a efficient way, so that high compute-intensive applications can be executed reasonably well. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-02-25 Juliana M. N. Silva , Cristina Boeres , Lúcia M. A. Drummond , Artur A. Pessoa
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