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The diagnostic use and detectability of luminous fine structure lines from high redshift galaxies is reviewed in the light of results from COBE concerning the Milky Way and from ISO on low redshift galaxies. At the highest luminosities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul P. van der Werf

Line-intensity mapping (LIM) provides a promising way to probe cosmology, reionization and galaxy evolution. However, its sensitivity to cosmology and astrophysics at the same time is also a nuisance. Here we develop a comprehensive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 José Luis Bernal , Patrick C. Breysse , Héctor Gil-Marín , Ely D. Kovetz

High-redshift clusters of galaxies are amongst the largest cosmic structures. Their properties and evolution are key ingredients to our understanding of cosmology: to study the growth of structure from the inhomogeneities of the cosmic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Fernandez-Soto , J. Bland-Hawthorn , J. I. Gonzalez-Serrano , R. Carballo

This paper describes a programme to map large-scale cosmic structures on the largest possible scales by using the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) to make a 21 cm (red-shifted) intensity map of the sky for the range…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-25 George F. Smoot , Ivan Debono

Far-infrared (FIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) fine-structure lines (FSLs) provide key diagnostics of physical conditions in the interstellar medium (ISM). Building on empirical relations established in our previous work, we use photoionization…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-17 Bo Peng , Amit Vishwas , Cody Lamarche , Gordon Stacey , Catie Ball , Christopher Rooney , Thomas Nikola , Carl Ferkinhoff

Intensity mapping is a promising technique for surveying the large scale structure of our Universe from $z=0$ to $z \sim 150$, using the brightness temperature field of spectral lines to directly observe previously unexplored portions of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 Adrian Liu , Yunfan Zhang , Aaron R. Parsons

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is emerging as a powerful technique to map the cosmic large-scale structure and to probe cosmology over a wide range of redshifts and spatial scales. We perform Fisher forecasts to determine the optimal design…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Azadeh Moradinezhad Dizgah , Garrett K. Keating , Kirit S. Karkare , Abigail Crites , Shouvik Roy Choudhury

A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging which aim to use intensity mapping of redshifted $21\,$cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at $z\simeq 1-2$ over wide areas of sky. While these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-16 Martin White , Nikhil Padmanabhan

The free-free absorption of low frequency radio waves by thermal electrons in the warm ionized medium of our Galaxy becomes very significant at $\lesssim 10$ MHz (ultralong-wavelength), and the absorption strength depends on the radio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-14 Yanping Cong , Bin Yue , Yidong Xu , Yuan Shi , Xuelei Chen

A key for understanding the evolution of galaxies and in particular their star formation history will be future ultra-deep radio surveys. While star formation rates (SFRs) are regularly estimated with phenomenological formulas based on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-04-12 Jennifer Schober , Dominik R. G. Schleicher , Ralf S. Klessen

The purpose of line-intensity mapping (IM), an emerging tool for extragalactic astronomy and cosmology, is to measure the integrated emission along the line of sight from spectral lines emitted from galaxies and the intergalactic medium.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-26 Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski , Marc Kamionkowski

The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a cryogenic balloon-borne instrument that will survey galaxy and star formation history over cosmological time scales. Rather than identifying individual objects,…

In a previous work, we showed that the observed FIR/sub-mm/mm line spectra of a starburst galaxy (M 82) can be successfully modeled in terms of the evolutionary scheme of an ensemble of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and shells, and such…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Lihong Yao

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is a promising tool to efficiently probe the three-dimensional large-scale structure by mapping the aggregate emission of a spectral line from all sources that trace the matter density field. Spectral lines from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-09 Yun-Ting Cheng , Tzu-Ching Chang , James J. Bock

Surveys of redshifted emission lines in the near-infrared will provide unique information on the cosmic star formation history. Near-infrared Halpha surveys will probe the cosmic star formation density and the evolution of the luminosity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul P. van der Werf

Observations at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths promise to revolutionize the study of high redshift galaxies and AGN by providing a unique probe of the conditions within heavily extinguished regions of star formation and nuclear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 David A. Neufeld

The cosmic far-infrared background (CIB) encodes dust emission from all galaxies and carries valuable information on structure formation, star formation, and chemical enrichment across cosmic time. However, its redshift-dependent spectrum…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-13 Yi-Kuan Chiang , Ryu Makiya , Brice Ménard

We present a systematic study of the intensity mapping technique using updated models for the different emission lines from galaxies and identify which ones are more promising for cosmological studies of the post reionization epoch. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-25 José Fonseca , Marta B. Silva , Mário G. Santos , Asantha Cooray

Intensity mapping provides a unique means to probe the epoch of reionization (EoR), when the neutral intergalactic medium was ionized by the energetic photons emitted from the first galaxies. The [CII] 158$\mu$m fine-structure line is…

Gas cooling processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) are key to understanding how star-formation processes occur in galaxies. Far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure emission lines can be used as a tool to understand the gas conditions and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-06 Andrés Felipe Ramos Padilla , Lingyu Wang , F. F. S. van der Tak , Scott Trager