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The connected coalition in a graph $G=(V,E)$ consists of two disjoint sets of vertices $V_{1}$ and $V_{2}$, neither of which is a connected dominating set but whose union $V_{1}\cup V_{2}$, is a connected dominating set. A connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Saeid Alikhani , Davood Bakhshesh , Hamidreza Golmohammadi , Elena V. Konstantinova

For the set of graphs with a given degree sequence, consisting of any number of $2's$ and $1's$, and its subset of bipartite graphs, we characterize the optimal graphs who maximize and minimize the number of $m$-matchings. We find the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-16 S. Friedland , E. Krop , K. Markström

A graph $G$ is called \emph{symmetric with respect to a functional $F_G(P)$} defined on the set of all the probability distributions on its vertex set if the distribution $P^*$ maximizing $F_G(P)$ is uniform on $V(G)$. Using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-27 Seyed Saeed Changiz Rezaei , Chris Godsil

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that, for any two distinct letters $x, y \in V$, the letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy \in E$. A graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Biswajit Das , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

We present the theory of multifunctions applied to graphs. Its interesting feature is that walks are recognized as iterations. We consider the graphs with arbitrary number of vertices which are determined by multifunctions. The mutually…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Artur Gizycki

A graph is called an $(r,k)$-graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into $r$ parts, each having at most $k$ vertices and there is at least one edge between any two parts. Let $f(r,H)$ be the minimum $k$ for which there exists an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-13 John Byrne , Michael Tait , Craig Timmons

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colors to edges such that every color class induces a matching. We here focus on bipartite graphs whose one part is of maximum degree at most $3$ and the other part is of maximum…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-19 Julien Bensmail , Aurélie Lagoutte , Petru Valicov

A graph is subcubic if it is connected and its maximum vertex degree does not exceed 3. Two disjoint vertex subsets of a graph $G$ form a connected coalition in $G$ if neither of them is a connected dominating set but their union is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Andrey A. Dobrynin , Aleksey N. Glebov

Property $(P)$, introduced in recent work and rooted in the classical theory of Parter vertices, concerns the existence of a nonsingular matrix $A\in S(G)$ for which every vertex of $G$ is a $P$-vertex. Previous investigations have fully…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-12 G. Arunkumar , Puja Samanta

Given a sufficiently large and sufficiently dense bipartite graph $G=(A, B; E),$ we present a novel method for decomposing the majority of the edges of $G$ into quasirandom graphs so that the vertex sets of these quasirandom graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Béla Csaba

Let $G = (V,E)$ be a connected directed graph on $n$ vertices. Assign values from the set $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ to the vertices of $G$ and update the values according to the following rule: uniformly at random choose a vertex and update its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-05 John Larkin

For a given $2$-partition $(V_1,V_2)$ of the vertices of a (di)graph $G$, we study properties of the spanning bipartite subdigraph $B_G(V_1,V_2)$ of $G$ induced by those arcs/edges that have one end in each $V_i$. We determine, for all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Jørgen Bang-Jensen , Stéphane Bessy , Frédéric Havet , Anders Yeo

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V$ and of order $n = |V|$, and let $\delta(G)$ and $\Delta(G)$ be the minimum and maximum degree of $G$, respectively. Two disjoint sets $V_1, V_2 \subseteq V$ form a coalition in $G$ if none of them is a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Davood Bakhshesh , Michael A. Henning , Dinabandhu Pradhan

We study graph parameters whose associated edge-connection matrices have exponentially bounded rank growth. Our main result is an explicit construction of a large class of graph parameters with this property that we call mixed partition…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Guus Regts , Bart Sevenster

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. In this paper, we study bipartite $1$-planar graphs with prescribed numbers of vertices in partite sets. Bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-05 Július Czap , Jakub Przybyło , Erika Škrabuľáková

In this paper we determine all the bipartite graphs with the maximum sum of squares of degrees among the ones with a given number of vertices and edges.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-23 Shenggui Zhang , Chuncao Zhou

In this paper, we study some graph theoretical properties of two derivative Euler Phi function set-graphs. For the Euler Phi function $\phi(n)$, $n\in \mathbb{N}$, the set $S_\phi(n) =\{i:\gcd(i,n)=1, 1\leq i \leq n\}$ and the vertex set is…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Johan Kok , Eunice Gogo Mphako-Banda , Sudev Naduvath

For a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set $S\subseteq V(G)$ of size at least $2$, a path in $G$ is said to be an $S$-path if it connects all vertices of $S$. Two $S$-paths $P_1$ and $P_2$ are said to be internally disjoint if $E(P_1)\cap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Shasha Li , Yan Zhao

For finite sequence $\underbar{\em d}$ of positive integers, we consider graphs that have $\underbar{\em d}$ as their list of vertex degrees, and bipartite graphs for which each part has $\underbar{\em d}$ as its list of vertex degrees. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-11 Grant Cairns , Stacey Mendan

We study biplane graphs drawn on a finite planar point set $S$ in general position. This is the family of geometric graphs whose vertex set is $S$ and can be decomposed into two plane graphs. We show that two maximal biplane graphs---in the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Alfredo García , Ferran Hurtado , Matias Korman , Inês Matos , Maria Saumell , Rodrigo I. Silveira , Javier Tejel , Csaba D. Tóth