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This paper presents a computer program, written in Maple, that allows a user to simulate certain aspects of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a desktop or laptop computer. The program does not simulate the unitary operations carried out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. F. Schneiderman , M. E. Stanley , P. K. Aravind

Quantum computing devices are believed to be powerful in solving the prime factorization problem, which is at the heart of widely deployed public-key cryptographic tools. However, the implementation of Shor's quantum factorization algorithm…

Quantum algorithms are at the heart of the ongoing efforts to use quantum mechanics to solve computational problems unsolvable on ordinary classical computers. Their common feature is the use of genuine quantum properties such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Giuseppe Mussardo , Andrea Trombettoni

The integer factorization problem (IFP) underpins the security of RSA, yet becomes efficiently solvable on a quantum computer through Shor's algorithm. Regev's recent high-dimensional variant reduces the circuit size through lattice-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Wentao Yang , Bao Yan , Muxi Zheng , Quanfeng Lu , Shijie Wei , Gui-Lu Long

Shor's algorithm for factoring in polynomial time on a quantum computer\cite{Shor} gives an enormous advantage over all known classical factoring algorithm. We demonstrate how to factor products of large prime numbers using a compiled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-28 John A. Smolin , Graeme Smith , Alex Vargo

The largest number factored on a quantum device reported until now was 143. That quantum computation, which used only 4 qubits at 300K, actually also factored much larger numbers such as 3599, 11663, and 56153, without the awareness of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Nikesh S. Dattani , Nathaniel Bryans

We report an experimental demonstration of a complied version of Shor's algorithm using four photonic qubits. We choose the simplest instance of this algorithm, that is, factorization of N=15 in the case that the period $r=2$ and exploit a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Chao-Yang Lu , Daniel E. Browne , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize cryptography by breaking classical public-key cryptography schemes, such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman. However, breaking the widely used 2048-bit RSA using Shor's quantum factoring algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Tanuj Khattar , Noureldin Yosri

We propose an adiabatic quantum algorithm capable of factorizing numbers, using fewer qubits than Shor's algorithm. We implement the algorithm in an NMR quantum information processor and experimentally factorize the number 21. Numerical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xinhua Peng , Zeyang Liao , Nanyang Xu , Gan Qin , Xianyi Zhou , Dieter Suter , Jiangfeng Du

In quantum information processing (QIP), the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) has a plethora of applications [1] [2] [3]: Shor's algorithm and phase estimation are just a few well-known examples. Shor's quantum factorization algorithm, one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Shlomo Kashani , Maryam Alqasemi , Jacob Hammond

A quantum processor (QuP) can be used to exploit quantum mechanics to find the prime factors of composite numbers[1]. Compiled versions of Shor's algorithm have been demonstrated on ensemble quantum systems[2] and photonic systems[3-5],…

We have taken significant steps towards the realization of a practical quantum computer: using nuclear spins and magnetic resonance techniques at room temperature, we provided proof of principle of quantum computing in a series of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Lieven M. K. Vandersypen

We report a proof-of-concept demonstration of a quantum order-finding algorithm for factoring the integer 21. Our demonstration involves the use of a compiled version of the quantum phase estimation routine, and builds upon a previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Unathi Skosana , Mark Tame

The security of messages encoded via the widely used RSA public key encryption system rests on the enormous computational effort required to find the prime factors of a large number N using classical (i.e., conventional) computers. In 1994,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Edward Gerjuoy

Near-term quantum computers will soon reach sizes that are challenging to directly simulate, even when employing the most powerful supercomputers. Yet, the ability to simulate these early devices using classical computers is crucial for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Thomas Häner , Damian S. Steiger

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

A medium-scale quantum computer with full universal quantum computing capability is necessary for various practical aims and testing applications. Here we report a 34-qubit quantum virtual machine (QtVM) based on a medium server. Our QtVM…

The assumed computationally difficulty of factoring large integers forms the basis of security for RSA public-key cryptography, which specifically relies on products of two large primes or semi-primes. The best-known factoring algorithms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Michele Mosca , Sebastian R. Verschoor

Factoring large integers using a quantum computer is an outstanding research problem that can illustrate true quantum advantage over classical computers. Exponential time order is required in order to find the prime factors of an integer by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-13 Avinash Dash , Deepankar Sarmah , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We present a novel and efficient in terms of circuit depth design for Shor's quantum factorization algorithm. The circuit effectively utilizes a diverse set of adders based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) Draper's adders to build…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-05 Archimedes Pavlidis , Dimitris Gizopoulos