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The Echo State Network (ESN) is a class of Recurrent Neural Network with a large number of hidden-hidden weights (in the so-called reservoir). Canonical ESN and its variations have recently received significant attention due to their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sebastian Basterrech , Gerardo Rubino

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are typically presented as efficient, readout-trained recurrent models, yet their dynamics and design are often guided by heuristics rather than first principles. We recast ESNs explicitly as state-space models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Pradeep Singh , Balasubramanian Raman

We propose an innovative design for an optical Echo State Network (ESN), an advanced type of reservoir computer known for its universal computational capabilities. Our design enables an optical implementation of arbitrary ESNs, featuring…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-17 Ishwar S Kaushik , Peter J Ehlers , Daniel Soh

It is a widely accepted fact that data representations intervene noticeably in machine learning tools. The more they are well defined the better the performance results are. Feature extraction-based methods such as autoencoders are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Naima Chouikhi , Boudour Ammar , Adel M. Alimi

Echo-State Networks (ESNs) distil a key neurobiological insight: richly recurrent but fixed circuitry combined with adaptive linear read-outs can transform temporal streams with remarkable efficiency. Yet fundamental questions about…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Pradeep Singh , Lavanya Sankaranarayanan , Balasubramanian Raman

We propose an experimental comparison between Deep Echo State Networks (DeepESNs) and gated Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on multivariate time-series prediction tasks. In particular, we compare reservoir and fully-trained RNNs able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Claudio Gallicchio , Alessio Micheli , Luca Pedrelli

Neuro-inspired recurrent neural network algorithms, such as echo state networks, are computationally lightweight and thereby map well onto untethered devices. The baseline echo state network algorithms are shown to be efficient in solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Zachariah Carmichael , Humza Syed , Stuart Burtner , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Echo State Network (ESN) presents a distinguished kind of recurrent neural networks. It is built upon a sparse, random and large hidden infrastructure called reservoir. ESNs have succeeded in dealing with several non-linear problems such as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Naima Chouikhi , Boudour Ammar , Adel M. Alimi

The paper introduces concentric Echo State Network, an approach to design reservoir topologies that tries to bridge the gap between deterministically constructed simple cycle models and deep reservoir computing approaches. We show how to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Davide Bacciu , Andrea Bongiorno

What is a neural model with minimum architectural complexity that exhibits reasonable language learning capability? To explore such a simple but sufficient neural language model, we revisit a basic reservoir computing (RC) model, Echo State…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ryo Ueda , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shunsuke Kando , Kentaro Inui

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a class of single layer recurrent neural networks that have enjoyed recent attention. In this paper we prove that a suitable ESN, trained on a series of measurements of an invertible dynamical system, induces…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-19 Allen G Hart , James L Hook , Jonathan H P Dawes

In many real-world applications, fully-differentiable RNNs such as LSTMs and GRUs have been widely deployed to solve time series learning tasks. These networks train via Backpropagation Through Time, which can work well in practice but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Matthew Evanusa , Snehesh Shrestha , Michelle Girvan , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Echo state networks are computationally lightweight reservoir models inspired by the random projections observed in cortical circuitry. As interest in reservoir computing has grown, networks have become deeper and more intricate. While…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-23 Zachariah Carmichael , Humza Syed , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Echo state networks are powerful recurrent neural networks. However, they are often unstable and shaky, making the process of finding an good ESN for a specific dataset quite hard. Obtaining a superb accuracy by using the Echo State Network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-22 Qiuyi Wu , Ernest Fokoue , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Among the various architectures of Recurrent Neural Networks, Echo State Networks (ESNs) emerged due to their simplified and inexpensive training procedure. These networks are known to be sensitive to the setting of hyper-parameters, which…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Pietro Verzelli , Cesare Alippi , Lorenzo Livi

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a special type of the temporally deep network model, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), where the recurrent matrix is carefully designed and both the recurrent and input matrices are fixed. An ESN uses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Hamid Palangi , Li Deng , Rabab K Ward

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are recurrent neural networks that only train their output layer, thereby precluding the need to backpropagate gradients through time, which leads to significant computational gains. Nevertheless, a common issue…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Jacob Reinier Maat , Nikos Gianniotis , Pavlos Protopapas

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a reservoir computing framework widely used for nonlinear time-series prediction. However, despite their effectiveness, randomly initialized reservoirs often contain redundant nodes, leading to unnecessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Sudip Laudari

The echo state network (ESN) is a powerful and efficient tool for displaying dynamic data. However, many existing ESNs have limitations for properly modeling high-dimensional data. The most important limitation of these networks is the high…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Fatemeh Daneshfar , Seyed Jahanshah Kabudian

Long-lead forecasting for spatio-temporal systems can often entail complex nonlinear dynamics that are difficult to specify it a priori. Current statistical methodologies for modeling these processes are often highly parameterized and thus,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-05 Patrick L. McDermott , Christopher K. Wikle