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Effectively understanding urban scenes requires fine-grained spatial reasoning about objects, layouts, and depth cues. However, how well current vision-language models (VLMs), pretrained on general scenes, transfer these abilities to urban…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Juneyoung Ro , Namwoo Kim , Yoonjin Yoon

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an important task in multimodal AI, and it is often used to test the ability of vision-language models to understand and reason on knowledge present in both visual and textual data. However, most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 David Romero , Chenyang Lyu , Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo , Teresa Lynn , Injy Hamed , Aditya Nanda Kishore , Aishik Mandal , Alina Dragonetti , Artem Abzaliev , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Bontu Fufa Balcha , Chenxi Whitehouse , Christian Salamea , Dan John Velasco , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , David Le Meur , Emilio Villa-Cueva , Fajri Koto , Fauzan Farooqui , Frederico Belcavello , Ganzorig Batnasan , Gisela Vallejo , Grainne Caulfield , Guido Ivetta , Haiyue Song , Henok Biadglign Ademtew , Hernán Maina , Holy Lovenia , Israel Abebe Azime , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Jay Gala , Jiahui Geng , Jesus-German Ortiz-Barajas , Jinheon Baek , Jocelyn Dunstan , Laura Alonso Alemany , Kumaranage Ravindu Yasas Nagasinghe , Luciana Benotti , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Marcelo Viridiano , Marcos Estecha-Garitagoitia , Maria Camila Buitrago Cabrera , Mario Rodríguez-Cantelar , Mélanie Jouitteau , Mihail Mihaylov , Mohamed Fazli Mohamed Imam , Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda , Munkhjargal Gochoo , Munkh-Erdene Otgonbold , Naome Etori , Olivier Niyomugisha , Paula Mónica Silva , Pranjal Chitale , Raj Dabre , Rendi Chevi , Ruochen Zhang , Ryandito Diandaru , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Santiago Góngora , Soyeong Jeong , Sukannya Purkayastha , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Teresa Clifford , Thanmay Jayakumar , Tiago Timponi Torrent , Toqeer Ehsan , Vladimir Araujo , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Zara Burzo , Zheng Wei Lim , Zheng Xin Yong , Oana Ignat , Joan Nwatu , Rada Mihalcea , Thamar Solorio , Alham Fikri Aji

Vision Language Models excel in handling a wide range of complex tasks, including Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Visual Question Answering (VQA), and advanced geometric reasoning. However, these models fail to perform well on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ayush Singh , Mansi Gupta , Shivank Garg

Visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) is a challenging multi-modal task, which requires high-level cognition and commonsense reasoning ability about the real world. In recent years, large-scale pre-training approaches have been developed and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Cheng Yang , Rui Xu , Ye Guo , Peixiang Huang , Yiru Chen , Wenkui Ding , Zhongyuan Wang , Hong Zhou

Visual-spatial understanding, the ability to infer object relationships and layouts from visual input, is fundamental to downstream tasks such as robotic navigation and embodied interaction. However, existing methods face spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Haoyu Zhang , Meng Liu , Zaijing Li , Haokun Wen , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Liqiang Nie

Visual question answering (VQA) for remote sensing scene has great potential in intelligent human-computer interaction system. Although VQA in computer vision has been widely researched, VQA for remote sensing data (RSVQA) is still in its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Zhenghang Yuan , Lichao Mou , Qi Wang , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Distinguishing spatial relations is a basic part of human cognition which requires fine-grained perception on cross-instance. Although benchmarks like MME, MMBench and SEED comprehensively have evaluated various capabilities which already…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Peijin Xie , Lin Sun , Bingquan Liu , Dexin Wang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Chengjie Sun , Jiajia Zhang

Vision-language Models (VLMs) have emerged as general-purpose tools for addressing a variety of complex computer vision problems. Such models have been shown to be highly capable, but, at the same time, lacking some basic visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shivam Chandhok , Wan-Cyuan Fan , Vered Shwartz , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Leonid Sigal

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive results on single-view vision tasks, but lack the multi-view spatial reasoning capabilities essential for embodied AI systems to understand 3D environments and manipulate objects across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Suchae Jeong , Jaehwi Song , Haeone Lee , Hanna Kim , Jian Kim , Dongjun Lee , Dong Kyu Shin , Changyeon Kim , Dongyoon Hahm , Woogyeol Jin , Juheon Choi , Kimin Lee

Recent vision-language (VL) models are powerful, but can they reliably distinguish "right" from "left"? We curate three new corpora to quantify model comprehension of such basic spatial relations. These tests isolate spatial reasoning more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang

Vision language models (VLMs) perform well on many tasks but often fail at spatial reasoning, which is essential for navigation and interaction with physical environments. Many spatial reasoning tasks depend on fundamental two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yihong Tang , Ao Qu , Zhaokai Wang , Dingyi Zhuang , Zhaofeng Wu , Wei Ma , Shenhao Wang , Yunhan Zheng , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao

Vision and language understanding has emerged as a subject undergoing intense study in Artificial Intelligence. Among many tasks in this line of research, visual question answering (VQA) has been one of the most successful ones, where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Yunseok Jang , Yale Song , Youngjae Yu , Youngjin Kim , Gunhee Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in multimodal understanding, yet their capabilities for scientific reasoning remain inadequately assessed. Current multimodal benchmarks predominantly evaluate generic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ai Jian , Weijie Qiu , Xiaokun Wang , Peiyu Wang , Yunzhuo Hao , Jiangbo Pei , Yichen Wei , Yi Peng , Xuchen Song

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task that has received increasing attention from both the computer vision and the natural language processing communities. Given an image and a question in natural language, it requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Qi Wu , Damien Teney , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen , Anthony Dick , Anton van den Hengel

Purpose: Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising performance in surgical visual question answering (VQA). However, existing surgical VQA datasets often contain linguistic shortcuts, where question phrasing implicitly constrains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jongmin Shin , Ka Young Kim , Eunki Cho , Seong Tae Kim , Namkee Oh

This paper proposes a question-answering (QA) benchmark for spatial reasoning on natural language text which contains more realistic spatial phenomena not covered by prior work and is challenging for state-of-the-art language models (LM).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Roshanak Mirzaee , Hossein Rajaby Faghihi , Qiang Ning , Parisa Kordjmashidi

Visual question answering (VQA) has been gaining a lot of traction in the machine learning community in the recent years due to the challenges posed in understanding information coming from multiple modalities (i.e., images, language). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri , J. Clayton Kerce

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools, excelling in tasks that integrate visual and textual comprehension, such as image captioning, visual question answering, and image-text retrieval. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ilias Stogiannidis , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang