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One fundamental problem in deep learning is understanding the outstanding performance of deep Neural Networks (NNs) in practice. One explanation for the superiority of NNs is that they can realize a large class of complicated functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 H. Xiong , L. Huang , M. Yu , L. Liu , F. Zhu , L. Shao

This paper aims to accelerate the test-time computation of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Unlike existing methods that are designed for approximating linear filters or linear responses, our method takes the nonlinear units into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Xiangyu Zhang , Jianhua Zou , Xiang Ming , Kaiming He , Jian Sun

The developments of deep neural networks (DNN) in recent years have ushered a brand new era of artificial intelligence. DNNs are proved to be excellent in solving very complex problems, e.g., visual recognition and text understanding, to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Qiang Hu , Hao Zhang

A feedforward neural network using rectified linear units constructs a mapping from inputs to outputs by partitioning its input space into a set of convex regions where points within a region share a single affine transformation. In order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sabrina Drammis , Bowen Zheng , Karthik Srinivasan , Robert C. Berwick , Nancy A. Lynch , Robert Ajemian

When optimizing a nonlinear objective, one can employ a neural network as a surrogate for the nonlinear function. However, the resulting optimization model can be time-consuming to solve globally with exact methods. As a result, local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Jiatai Tong , Yilin Zhu , Thiago Serra , Samuel Burer

Neural networks can emulate nonlinear physical systems with high accuracy, yet they may produce physically-inconsistent results when violating fundamental constraints. Here, we introduce a systematic way of enforcing nonlinear analytic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Tom Beucler , Michael Pritchard , Stephan Rasp , Jordan Ott , Pierre Baldi , Pierre Gentine

Neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions, such as rectified linear units (ReLU) or maxout, are among the most fundamental models in modern machine learning. We make a step towards proving lower bounds on the size of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Christoph Hertrich , Georg Loho

In this article we present new results on neural networks with linear threshold activation functions. We precisely characterize the class of functions that are representable by such neural networks and show that 2 hidden layers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Sammy Khalife , Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

We study the complexity of functions computable by deep feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activations in terms of the symmetries and the number of linear regions that they have. Deep networks are able to sequentially map…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-10 Guido Montúfar , Razvan Pascanu , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

It is often useful to perform integration over learned functions represented by neural networks. However, this integration is usually performed numerically, as analytical integration over learned functions (especially neural networks) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ryan Kortvelesy

We show that artificial neural networks with rectifier units as activation functions can exactly represent the piecewise affine function that results from the formulation of model predictive control of linear time-invariant systems. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Benjamin Karg , Sergio Lucia

We study the use of linear codes for network computing in single-receiver networks with various classes of target functions of the source messages. Such classes include reducible, injective, semi-injective, and linear target functions over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-05-10 Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Massimo Franceschetti , Nikhil Karamchandani , Kenneth Zeger

In a function approximation with a neural network, an input dataset is mapped to an output index by optimizing the parameters of each hidden-layer unit. For a unary function, we present constraints on the parameters and its second…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-22 Masayo Inoue , Mana Futamura , Hirokazu Ninomiya

A function computation problem in directed acyclic networks has been considered in the literature, where a sink node wants to compute a target function with the inputs generated at multiple source nodes. The network links are error-free but…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Cupjin Huang , Zihan Tan , Shenghao Yang , Xuan Guang

As supported by abundant experimental evidence, neural networks are state-of-the-art for many approximation tasks in high-dimensional spaces. Still, there is a lack of a rigorous theoretical understanding of what they can approximate, at…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Elena Celledoni , James Jackaman , Davide Murari , Brynjulf Owren

In this paper we investigate formal verification problems for Neural Network computations. Of central importance will be various robustness and minimization problems such as: Given symbolic specifications of allowed inputs and outputs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adrian Wurm

We define the local complexity of a neural network with continuous piecewise linear activations as a measure of the density of linear regions over an input data distribution. We show theoretically that ReLU networks that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Niket Patel , Guido Montufar

The study of the expressive power of neural networks has investigated the fundamental limits of neural networks. Most existing results assume real-valued inputs and parameters as well as exact operations during the evaluation of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yeachan Park , Geonho Hwang , Wonyeol Lee , Sejun Park

We present a novel approach to modelling and learning vector fields from physical systems using neural networks that explicitly satisfy known linear operator constraints. To achieve this, the target function is modelled as a linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-29 Johannes Hendriks , Carl Jidling , Adrian Wills , Thomas Schön

Parametric optimization solves a family of optimization problems as a function of parameters. It is a critical component in situations where optimal decision making is repeatedly performed for updated parameter values, but computation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Hyunglip Bae , Jang Ho Kim , Woo Chang Kim