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Phishing attacks are prevalent and humans are central to this online identity theft attack, which aims to steal victims' sensitive and personal information such as username, password, and online banking details. There are many anti-phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Gitanjali Baral , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Phishing is a major cyber threat to organizations that can cause financial and reputational damage, threatening their existence. The technical measures against phishing should be complemented by awareness training for employees. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Laura Gamisch , Daniela Pöhn

Phishing constitutes more than 90\% of successful cyberattacks globally, remaining one of the most persistent threats to organizational security. Despite organizations tripling their cybersecurity budgets between 2015 and 2025, the human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rebeka Toth , Richard A. Dubniczky , Olga Limonova , Norbert Tihanyi

Phishing is the most prevalent type of cyber-attack today and is recognized as the leading source of data breaches with significant consequences for both individuals and corporations. Web-based phishing attacks are the most frequent with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Muhammad Fahad Zia , Sri Harish Kalidass

Despite sophisticated phishing email detection systems, and training and awareness programs, humans continue to be tricked by phishing emails. In an attempt to better understand why phishing email attacks still work and how best to mitigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Asangi Jayatilaka , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Muhammad Ali Babar

Modern organizations are persistently targeted by phishing emails. Despite advances in detection systems and widespread employee training, attackers continue to innovate, posing ongoing threats. Two emerging vectors stand out in the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marie Weinz , Nicola Zannone , Luca Allodi , Giovanni Apruzzese

Phishing attacks have become a serious and challenging issue for detection, explanation, and defense. Despite more than a decade of research on phishing, encompassing both technical and non-technical remedies, phishing continues to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Van Nguyen , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Marthie Grobler , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph

As adoption of mobile phones has skyrocketed, so have scams involving them. The text method is called SMiShing, (aka SMShing, or smishing) in which a fraudster sends a phishing link via Short Message Service (SMS) text to a phone. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Cori Faklaris , Heather Richter Lipford , Sarah Tabassum

In the area of information technology, cybersecurity is critical. Information security is one of todays highest priorities. Cyber attacks, which are on the rise and include Ransomware, are the first thing that springs to mind when we think…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shweta Vasoya , Krishna Bhavsar , Nishtha Patel

Phishing is a common online weapon, used against users, by Phishers for acquiring a confidential information through deception. Since the inception of internet, nearly everything, ranging from money transaction to sharing information, is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Anugrah Kumar , Sanjiban Shekar Roy , Sarvesh SS Rawat , Sanklan Saxena

Most publicly available data on cyber incidents comes from private companies and non-academic sources. Common sources of information include various security bulletins, white papers, reports, court cases, and blog posts describing specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Dalibor Gernhardt , Stjepan Groš

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

The rapid digitalization of banking services has significantly transformed financial transactions, offering enhanced convenience and efficiency for consumers. However, the increasing reliance on digital banking has also exposed financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Md. Waliullah , Md Zahin Hossain George , Md Tarek Hasan , Md Khorshed Alam , Mosa Sumaiya Khatun Munira , Noor Alam Siddiqui

Phishing is an especially challenging cyber security threat as it does not attack computer systems, but targets the user who works on that system by relying on the vulnerability of their decision-making ability. Phishing attacks can be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Gaurav Misra , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Shlomo Berkovsky

As the COVID-19 pandemic started triggering widespread lockdowns across the globe, cybercriminals did not hesitate to take advantage of users' increased usage of the Internet and their reliance on it. In this paper, we carry out a…

Research involving at-risk users -- that is, users who are more likely to experience a digital attack or to be disproportionately affected when harm from such an attack occurs -- can pose significant safety challenges to both users and…

Every day, our inboxes are flooded with unsolicited emails, ranging between annoying spam to more subtle phishing scams. Unfortunately, despite abundant prior efforts proposing solutions achieving near-perfect accuracy, the reality is that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Luca Pajola , Eugenio Caripoti , Stefan Banzer , Simeone Pizzi , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

The rise in phishing attacks via e-mail and short message service (SMS) has not slowed down at all. The first thing we need to do to combat the ever-increasing number of phishing attacks is to collect and characterize more phishing cases…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba , Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Takeshi Yagi , Takeo Hariu , Katsunari Yoshioka , Tsutomu Matsumoto

Phishing continues to be a difficult problem for individuals and organisations. Educational games and simulations have been increasingly acknowledged as enormous and powerful teaching tools, yet little work has examined how to engage users…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Matt Dixon , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , James Nicholson