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We implement a method for re-ranking top-10 results of a state-of-the-art question answering (QA) system. The goal of our re-ranking approach is to improve the answer selection given the user question and the top-10 candidates. We focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Michael Barz , Daniel Sonntag

Motivated by suggested question generation in conversational news recommendation systems, we propose a model for generating question-answer pairs (QA pairs) with self-contained, summary-centric questions and length-constrained,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Li Zhou , Kevin Small , Yong Zhang , Sandeep Atluri

Pre-trained multimodal models have achieved significant success in retrieval-based question answering. However, current multimodal retrieval question-answering models face two main challenges. Firstly, utilizing compressed evidence features…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shuwen Yang , Anran Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Luwei Xiao , Tianlong Ma , Cheng Jin , Liang He

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged to address the knowledge-intensive visual question answering (VQA) task. Current methods mainly employ separate retrieval and generation modules to acquire external knowledge and generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xinwei Long , Zhiyuan Ma , Ermo Hua , Kaiyan Zhang , Biqing Qi , Bowen Zhou

Large-scale language models often learn behaviors that are misaligned with user expectations. Generated text may contain offensive or toxic language, contain significant repetition, or be of a different sentiment than desired by the user.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Ximing Lu , Sean Welleck , Jack Hessel , Liwei Jiang , Lianhui Qin , Peter West , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Yejin Choi

Question-answering (QA) is an important application of Information Retrieval (IR) and language models, and the latest trend is toward pre-trained large neural networks with embedding parameters. Augmenting QA performances with these LLMs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lixiao Yang , Mengyang Xu , Weimao Ke

Large language models have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities but are inherently limited by their knowledge reservoir. Retrieval-augmented reasoning mitigates this limitation by allowing LLMs to query external resources, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yaorui Shi , Sihang Li , Chang Wu , Zhiyuan Liu , Junfeng Fang , Hengxing Cai , An Zhang , Xiang Wang

When answering a question, people often draw upon their rich world knowledge in addition to the particular context. While recent works retrieve supporting facts/evidence from commonsense knowledge bases to supply additional information to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Yinya Huang , Meng Fang , Xunlin Zhan , Qingxing Cao , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cheng Zhang

We introduce the task of entity-centric query refinement. Given an input query whose answer is a (potentially large) collection of entities, the task output is a small set of query refinements meant to assist the user in efficient domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-19 David Wadden , Nikita Gupta , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

In the realm of education, student evaluation holds equal significance to imparting knowledge. To be evaluated, students usually need to go through text-based academic assessment methods. Instructors need to make a diverse set of questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Md. Alvee Ehsan , A. S. M Mehedi Hasan , Kefaya Benta Shahnoor , Syeda Sumaiya Tasneem

Recent approaches to question generation have used modifications to a Seq2Seq architecture inspired by advances in machine translation. Models are trained using teacher forcing to optimise only the one-step-ahead prediction. However, at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Tom Hosking , Sebastian Riedel

Supervised Question Answering systems (QA systems) rely on domain-specific human-labeled data for training. Unsupervised QA systems generate their own question-answer training pairs, typically using secondary knowledge sources to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Dinesh Nagumothu , Bahadorreza Ofoghi , Guangyan Huang , Peter W. Eklund

Despite extensive research on a wide range of question answering (QA) systems, most existing work focuses on answer containment-i.e., assuming that answers can be directly extracted and/or generated from documents in the corpus. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jamshid Mozafari , Hamed Zamani , Guido Zuccon , Adam Jatowt

One of the exciting capabilities of recent language models for dialog is their ability to independently search for relevant information to ground a given dialog response. However, obtaining training data to teach models how to issue search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yonatan Bitton , Shlomi Cohen-Ganor , Ido Hakimi , Yoad Lewenberg , Roee Aharoni , Enav Weinreb

Existing metrics for assessing question generation not only require costly human reference but also fail to take into account the input context of generation, rendering the lack of deep understanding of the relevance between the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

We propose Confidence-guided Refinement Reasoning (C2R), a novel training-free framework applicable to question-answering (QA) tasks across text, image, and video domains. C2R strategically constructs and refines sub-questions and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Youwon Jang , Woo Suk Choi , Minjoon Jung , Minsu Lee , Byoung-Tak Zhang

This paper proposes a novel training method to improve the robustness of Extractive Question Answering (EQA) models. Previous research has shown that existing models, when trained on EQA datasets that include unanswerable questions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Son Quoc Tran , Matt Kretchmar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved documents and/or generated context. However, LLMs often exhibit a stylistic bias when presented with mixed contexts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaang Li , Zhendong Mao , Quan Wang , Yuning Wan , Yongdong Zhang

In a real-world RAG system, the current query often involves spoken ellipses and ambiguous references from dialogue contexts, necessitating query rewriting to better describe user's information needs. However, traditional context-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yujing Wang , Hainan Zhang , Liang Pang , Binghui Guo , Hongwei Zheng , Zhiming Zheng