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We review different classes of cryptocurrencies with emphasis on their economic properties. Pure-asset coins such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple are characterized by not being a liability of any economic agent and most resemble commodities…

General Economics · Economics 2021-09-22 Matheus R. Grasselli , Alexander Lipton

This paper conducts an extensive analysis of Bitcoin return series, with a primary focus on three volatility metrics: historical volatility (calculated as the sample standard deviation), forecasted volatility (derived from GARCH-type…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-05 Cristina Chinazzo , Vahidin Jeleskovic

Beta-sorted portfolios -- portfolios comprised of assets with similar covariation to selected risk factors -- are a popular tool in empirical finance to analyze models of (conditional) expected returns. Despite their widespread use, little…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-12 Matias D. Cattaneo , Richard K. Crump , Weining Wang

In the evolving domain of cryptocurrency markets, accurate token valuation remains a critical aspect influencing investment decisions and policy development. Whilst the prevailing equation of exchange pricing model offers a quantitative…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Stylianos Kampakis , Melody Yuan , Oritsebawo Paul Ikpobe , Linas Stankevicius

Classical mean-variance portfolio theory tells us how to construct a portfolio of assets which has the greatest expected return for a given level of return volatility. Utility theory then allows an investor to choose the point along this…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2009-09-21 Alex Dannenberg

Portfolio sorting is ubiquitous in the empirical finance literature, where it has been widely used to identify pricing anomalies. Despite its popularity, little attention has been paid to the statistical properties of the procedure. We…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-21 Matias D. Cattaneo , Richard K. Crump , Max H. Farrell , Ernst Schaumburg

The remarkable growth of digital assets, starting from the inception of Bitcoin in 2009 into a 1 trillion market in 2024, underscores the momentum behind disruptive technologies and the global appetite for digital assets. This paper…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-02 Zhengming Li , Jianxi Su , Maochao Xu , Jimmy Yuen

We propose a pairs trading model that incorporates a time-varying volatility of the Constant Elasticity of Variance type. Our approach is based on stochastic control techniques; given a fixed time horizon and a portfolio of two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-05 T. N. Li , A. Tourin

We investigate the relation between the fair price for European-style vanilla options and the distribution of short-term returns on the underlying asset ignoring transaction and other costs. We compute the risk-neutral probability density…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 Martin Schaden

Cryptocurrency exchanges are frequently targeted and compromised by cyber-attacks, which may lead to significant losses for the depositors and closure of the affected exchanges. These risks threaten the viability of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Benjamin Johnson , Aron Laszka , Jens Grossklags , Tyler Moore

We organize existing empirical regularities of cryptocurrencies into seven stylized facts and analyze cryptocurrencies through the lens of empirical asset pricing. We find important similarities with traditional markets--risk-adjusted…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-24 Nicola Borri , Yukun Liu , Aleh Tsyvinski , Xi Wu

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have recently gained a lot of popularity, not only as a digital form of currency but also as an investment vehicle. Online marketplaces and exchanges allow users across the world to convert…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Francesco Bortolussi , Zeger Hoogeboom , Frank W. Takes

Stablecoins are one of the most widely capitalized type of cryptocurrency. However, their risks vary significantly according to their design and are often poorly understood. We seek to provide a sound foundation for stablecoin theory, with…

General Economics · Economics 2020-10-30 Ariah Klages-Mundt , Dominik Harz , Lewis Gudgeon , Jun-You Liu , Andreea Minca

Portfolio optimisation is essential in quantitative investing, but its implementation faces several practical difficulties. One particular challenge is converting optimal portfolio weights into real-life trades in the presence of realistic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-01 Cristiano Arbex Valle

Cryptocurrency markets have attracted many interest for global investors because of their novelty, wide online availability, increasing capitalization and potential profits. In the econophysics tradition we show that many of the most…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-23 Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez , Octavio Miramontes

We consider a portfolio with call option and the corresponding underlying asset under the standard assumption that stock-market price represents a random variable with lognormal distribution. Minimizing the variance (hedging risk) of the…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2010-04-27 Vladimir Nikulin

This work focuses on the mathematical study of constant function market makers. We rigorously establish the conditions for optimal trading under the assumption of a quasilinear, but not necessarily convex (or concave), trade function. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 C. Escudero , F. Lara , M. Sama

The paper analyzes the cryptocurrency ecosystem at both the aggregate and individual levels to understand the factors that impact future volatility. The study uses high-frequency panel data from 2020 to 2022 to examine the relationship…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-09 Alessio Brini , Jimmie Lenz

We develop novel estimation procedures with supporting econometric theory for a dynamic latent-factor model with high-dimensional asset characteristics, that is, the number of characteristics is on the order of the sample size. Utilizing…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-27 Adam Baybutt

We formulate the design of a threshold signature scheme as made possible on cryptocurrency protocols like Bitcoin. The funds are secured by an m-of-n threshold signature, where at least m signatures are needed to unlock the funds. A user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Korok Ray , Sindura Saraswathi