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While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success across various domains, it remains vulnerable to occasional catastrophic failures without additional safeguards. An effective solution to prevent these failures is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kyungmin Kim , Davide Corsi , Andoni Rodriguez , JB Lanier , Benjami Parellada , Pierre Baldi , Cesar Sanchez , Roy Fox

With the increasing use of neural policies in control systems, ensuring their safety and reliability has become a critical software engineering task. One prevalent approach to ensuring the safety of neural policies is to deploy programmatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jieke Shi , Junda He , Zhou Yang , Đorđe Žikelić , David Lo

Reinforcement learning algorithms discover policies that maximize reward, but do not necessarily guarantee safety during learning or execution phases. We introduce a new approach to learn optimal policies while enforcing properties…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Mohammed Alshiekh , Roderick Bloem , Ruediger Ehlers , Bettina Könighofer , Scott Niekum , Ufuk Topcu

Ensuring that agents satisfy safety specifications can be crucial in safety-critical environments. While methods exist for controller synthesis with safe temporal specifications, most existing methods restrict safe temporal specifications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Gaspard Ohlmann , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Agents controlled by the output of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms often transition to unsafe states, particularly in uncertain and partially observable environments. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Steven Carr , Georgios Bakirtzis , Ufuk Topcu

In real-time and safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPSs), control synthesis must guarantee that generated policies meet stringent timing and correctness requirements under uncertain and dynamic conditions. Signal temporal logic (STL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaochen Tang , Zhenya Zhang , Miaomiao Zhang , Jie An

Automatic synthesis of hardware components from declarative specifications is an ambitious endeavor in computer aided design. Existing synthesis algorithms are often implemented with Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), inheriting their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Roderick Bloem , Robert Koenighofer , Martina Seidl

Verified controller synthesis uses world models that comprise all potential behaviours of humans, robots, further equipment, and the controller to be synthesised. A world model enables quantitative risk assessment, for example, by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Mario Gleirscher , Jan Peleska

Formal control of cyber-physical systems allows for synthesis of control strategies from rich specifications such as temporal logics. However, the classes of systems that the formal approaches can be applied to is limited due to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Irmak Saglam , Ebru Aydin Gol

Control Barrier Functions (CBF) have provided a very versatile framework for the synthesis of safe control architectures for a wide class of nonlinear dynamical systems. Typically, CBF-based synthesis approaches apply to systems that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Shuo Yang , Mitchell Black , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Hideki Okamoto , Rahul Mangharam

We introduce a hybrid (discrete--continuous) safety controller which enforces strict state and input constraints on a system---but only acts when necessary, preserving transparent operation of the original system within some safe region of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Gray C. Thomas , Binghan He , Luis Sentis

Synchronous programming is a paradigm of choice for the design of safety-critical reactive systems. Runtime enforcement is a technique to ensure that the output of a black-box system satisfies some desired properties. This paper deals with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Srinivas Pinisetty , Partha S Roop , Steven Smyth , Stavros Tripakis , Reinhard von Hanxleden

The barrier function method for safety control typically assumes the availability of full state information. Unfortunately, in many scenarios involving uncertain dynamical systems, full state information is often unavailable. In this paper,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Binghan He , Takashi Tanaka

Robots are used increasingly often in safety-critical scenarios, such as robotic surgery or human-robot interaction. To ensure stringent performance criteria, formal controller synthesis is a promising direction to guarantee that robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Stefan B. Liu , Bastian Schürmann , Matthias Althoff

We present a tool-supported approach for the synthesis, verification and validation of the control software responsible for the safety of the human-robot interaction in manufacturing processes that use collaborative robots. In human-robot…

We present a controller synthesis algorithm for a discrete time reach-avoid problem in the presence of adversaries. Our model of the adversary captures typical malicious attacks envisioned on cyber-physical systems such as sensor spoofing,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-01-21 Zhenqi Huang , Yu Wang , Sayan Mitra , Geir Dullerud

In this paper, we investigate the problem of synthesizing resilient supervisors against combined actuator and sensor attacks, for the subclass of cyber-physical systems that can be modelled as discrete-event systems. We assume that the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Liyong Lin , Rong Su

Shielding has emerged as a promising approach for ensuring safety of AI-controlled autonomous systems. The algorithmic goal is to compute a shield, which is a runtime safety enforcement tool that needs to monitor and intervene the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Davide Corsi , Kaushik Mallik , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez

Deep reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful tool for obtaining high-performance policies. However, the safety of these policies has been a long-standing issue. One promising paradigm to guarantee safety is a shield, which shields…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Asger Horn Brorholt , Kim Guldstrand Larsen , Christian Schilling

The automatic synthesis of a policy through reinforcement learning (RL) from a given set of formal requirements depends on the construction of a reward signal and consists of the iterative application of many policy-improvement steps. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Luigi Berducci , Radu Grosu