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Estimating frequencies of items over data streams is a common building block in streaming data measurement and analysis. Misra and Gries introduced their seminal algorithm for the problem in 1982, and the problem has since been revisited…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Daniel Anderson , Pryce Bevan , Kevin Lang , Edo Liberty , Lee Rhodes , Justin Thaler

One of the most common statistics computed over data elements is the number of distinct keys. A thread of research pioneered by Flajolet and Martin three decades ago culminated in the design of optimal approximate counting sketches, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Edith Cohen

This paper identifies that a group of latest locally-differentially-private (LDP) algorithms for frequency estimation, including all the Hadamard-matrix-based algorithms, are equivalent to the private Count-Mean Sketch (CMS) algorithm with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mingen Pan

In rapid and massive data streams, it is often not possible to estimate the frequency of items with complete accuracy. To perform the operation in a reasonable amount of space and with sufficiently low latency, approximated methods are…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arijit Khan , Sixing Yan

Learning parameters from voluminous data can be prohibitive in terms of memory and computational requirements. We propose a "compressive learning" framework where we estimate model parameters from a sketch of the training data. This sketch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Nicolas Keriven , Anthony Bourrier , Rémi Gribonval , Patrick Pérez

Measurement error in count data is common but underexplored in the literature, particularly in contexts where observed scores are bounded and arise from discrete scoring processes. Motivated by applications in oral reading fluency…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Yuqiu Yang , Christina Vu , Cornelis J. Potgieter , Xinlei Wang , Akihito Kamata

We introduce a new sub-linear space sketch---the Weight-Median Sketch---for learning compressed linear classifiers over data streams while supporting the efficient recovery of large-magnitude weights in the model. This enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Kai Sheng Tai , Vatsal Sharan , Peter Bailis , Gregory Valiant

The challenge of estimating similarity between sets has been a significant concern in data science, finding diverse applications across various domains. However, previous approaches, such as MinHash, have predominantly centered around…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Fenghao Dong , Yang He , Yutong Liang , Zirui Liu , Yuhan Wu , Peiqing Chen , Tong Yang

Computing space-efficient summary, or \textit{a.k.a. sketches}, of large data, is a central problem in the streaming algorithm. Such sketches are used to answer \textit{post-hoc} queries in several data analytics tasks. The algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Rameshwar Pratap , Bhisham Dev Verma , Raghav Kulkarni

Kernel methods are learning algorithms that enjoy solid theoretical foundations while suffering from important computational limitations. Sketching, which consists in looking for solutions among a subspace of reduced dimension, is a well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-07 Tamim El Ahmad , Pierre Laforgue , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Structured high-cardinality data arises in many domains, and poses a major challenge for both modeling and inference. Graphical models are a popular approach to modeling structured data but they are unsuitable for high-cardinality…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Branislav Kveton , Hung Bui , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Georgios Theocharous , S. Muthukrishnan , Siqi Sun

We study the problem of estimating the average of a Lipschitz continuous function $f$ defined over a metric space, by querying $f$ at only a single point. More specifically, we explore the role of randomness in drawing this sample. Our goal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-21 Abhimanyu Das , David Kempe

Random sketching is a dimensionality reduction technique that approximately preserves norms and singular values up to some $O(1)$ distortion factor with high probability. The most popular sketches in literature are the Gaussian sketch and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Andrew J. Higgins , Erik G. Boman , Ichitaro Yamazaki

We provide a novel statistical perspective on a classical problem at the intersection of computer science and information theory: recovering the empirical frequency of a symbol in a large discrete dataset using only a compressed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Mario Beraha , Stefano Favaro , Matteo Sesia

We give algorithms for estimating the expectation of a given real-valued function $\phi:X\to {\bf R}$ on a sample drawn randomly from some unknown distribution $D$ over domain $X$, namely ${\bf E}_{{\bf x}\sim D}[\phi({\bf x})]$. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Vitaly Feldman

To get estimators that work within a certain error bound with high probability, a common strategy is to design one that works with constant probability, and then boost the probability using independent repetitions. Important examples of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Anders Aamand , Debarati Das , Evangelos Kipouridis , Jakob B. T. Knudsen , Peter M. R. Rasmussen , Mikkel Thorup

We consider the problem of sketching the $p$-th frequency moment of a vector, $p>2$, with multiplicative error at most $1\pm \epsilon$ and \emph{with high confidence} $1-\delta$. Despite the long sequence of work on this problem, tight…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Sumit Ganguly , David P. Woodruff

Subgraph counting is a fundamental primitive in graph processing, with applications in social network analysis (e.g., estimating the clustering coefficient of a graph), database processing and other areas. The space complexity of subgraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-16 John Kallaugher , Michael Kapralov , Eric Price

Counting small subgraphs, referred to as motifs, in large graphs is a fundamental task in graph analysis, extensively studied across various contexts and computational models. In the sublinear-time regime, the relaxed problem of approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Talya Eden , Reut Levi , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld

In this paper we consider change-points in multiple sequences with the objective of minimizing the estimation error of a sequence by making use of information from other sequences. This is in contrast to recent interest on change-points in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-02 Hock Peng Chan