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A connection between the Galois-theoretic approach to semi-abelian homology and the homological closure operators is established. In particular, a generalised Hopf formula for homology is obtained, allowing the choice of a new kind of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Mathieu Duckerts-Antoine , Tomas Everaert , Marino Gran

In this paper, we study discrete Lyapunov models, which consist of steady-state distributions of first-order vector autoregressive models. The parameter matrix of such a model encodes a directed graph whose vertices correspond to the…

In this note we study countable subgroups of the full group of a measure preserving equivalence relation. We provide various constraints on the group structure, the nature of the action, and on the measure of fixed point sets, that imply…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-27 Vadim Alekseev , Alessandro Carderi , Andreas Thom , Robin Tucker-Drob

A neighborhood homotopy is an equivalence relation on spatial graphs which is generated by crossing changes on the same component and neighborhood equivalence. We give a complete classification of all 2-component spatial graphs up to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Atsuhiko Mizusawa , Ryo Nikkuni

In fields ranging from business to systems biology, directed graphs with edges labeled by signs are used to model systems in a simple way: the nodes represent entities of some sort, and an edge indicates that one entity directly affects…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 John C. Baez , Adittya Chaudhuri

We propose a new method of computing cohomology groups of spaces of knots in $\R^n$, $n \ge 3$, based on the topology of configuration spaces and two-connected graphs, and calculate all such classes of order $\le 3.$ As a byproduct we…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Victor A. Vassiliev

In this paper we further describe the features of the topological space $K(R)$ obtained from the loop nerve of $R$, for $R=(S,T)$ a bi-secondary structure. We will first identify certain distinct combinatorial structures in the arc diagram…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Andrei C. Bura , Qijun He , Christian M. Reidys

First we survey generating function methods for obtaining useful probability estimates about random matrices in the finite classical groups. Then we describe a probabilistic picture of conjugacy classes which is coherent and beautiful.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jason Fulman

Various connections between the theory of permutation groups and the theory of topological groups are described. These connections are applied in permutation group theory and in the structure theory of topological groups. The first draft of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-26 Rognvaldur G. Moller

Recently there has been growing interest in discrete homotopies and homotopies of graphs beyond treating graphs as 1-dimensional simplicial spaces. One such type of homotopy is $\times$-homotopy. Recent work by Chih-Scull has developed a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Keira Behal , Tien Chih

This paper centers around two basic problems of topological coincidence theory. First, try to measure (with help of Nielsen and minimum numbers) how far a given pair of maps is from being loose, i.e. from being homotopic to a pair of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ulrich Koschorke

Let G be a compact Lie group. By work of Chataur and Menichi, the homology of the space of free loops in the classifying space of G is known to be the value on the circle in a homological conformal field theory. This means in particular…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Richard Hepworth , Anssi Lahtinen

For every finite dimensional Lie group one can consider the group of all smooth loops on it, called its loop group. Such loop groups have long been studied for, among other reasons, their relations to conformal field theories and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-04-11 Shan H. Shah

In this paper, we survey recent works on the structure of the mapping class groups of surfaces mainly from the point of view of topology. We then discuss several possible directions for future research. These include the relation between…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Shigeyuki Morita

This paper studies graphical analogs of symmetric products and unordered configuration spaces in topology. We do so from the perspective of the discrete homotopy theory introduced by Barcelo et al. Our first result is a combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-29 Bob Lutz

We show that diagram groups can be viewed as fundamental groups of spaces of positive paths on directed 2-complexes (these spaces of paths turn out to be classifying spaces). Thus diagram groups are analogs of second homotopy groups,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 V. S. Guba , M. V. Sapir

Random walks on graphs are a fundamental concept in graph theory and play a crucial role in solving a wide range of theoretical and applied problems in discrete math, probability, theoretical computer science, network science, and machine…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Marzieh Eidi , Sayan Mukherjee

We show that discrete and classical homotopy theories are equivalent after localizing at n-equivalences for any non-negative integer n. By constructing an explicit homotopy inverse to the graph nerve functor associating an n-fibrant cubical…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Daniel Carranza , Chris Kapulkin

This paper is mainly a semi-tutorial introduction to elementary algebraic topology and its applications to Ising-type models of statistical physics, using graphical models of linear and group codes. It contains new material on systematic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-20 G. David Forney

Poissonian ensembles of Markov loops on a finite graph define a random graph process in which the addition of a loop can merge more than two connected components. We study Markov loops on the complete graph derived from a simple random walk…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-06-18 Sophie Lemaire