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Two-player games have had a long and fruitful history of applications stretching across the social, biological, and physical sciences. Most applications of two-player games assume synchronous decisions or moves even when the games are…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-12-15 Robert D. Young

Social games like the prisoner's dilemma are often used to develop models of the role of emotion in social decision-making. Here we examine an understudied aspect of emotion in such games: how an individual's feelings are shaped by their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Maria Angelika-Nikita , Celso M. de Melo , Kazunori Terada , Gale Lucas , Jonathan Gratch

Repeated games have provided an explanation how mutual cooperation can be achieved even if defection is more favorable in a one-shot game in prisoner's dilemma situation. Recently found zero-determinant strategies have substantially been…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Masahiko Ueda

Quantum game theory is a recently developing field of physical research. In this paper, we investigate quantum games in a systematic way. With the famous instance of the Prisoner's Dilemma, we present the fascinating properties of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jiangfeng Du , Xiaodong Xu , Hui Li , Xianyi Zhou , Rongdian Han

The Prisoner's Dilemma game (PDG) is one of the simple test-beds for the probabilistic nature of the human decision-making process. Behavioral experiments have been conducted on this game for decades and show a violation of the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Nematollah Farhadi Mahalli , Onur Pusuluk

Game theory formalizes certain interactions between physical particles or between living beings in biology, sociology, and economics, and quantifies the outcomes by payoffs. The prisoner's dilemma (PD) describes situations in which it is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Dirk Helbing , Sergi Lozano

Cooperation plays a crucial role in both nature and human society, and the conundrum of cooperation attracts the attention from interdisciplinary research. In this study, we investigated the evolution of cooperation in optional prisoner's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-02 Gopal Sharma , Hao Guo , Chen Shen , Jun Tanimoto

Machines driven by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to augment humans across various tasks, a development with profound implications for business settings where effective communication, collaboration, and stakeholder trust…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Paweł Niszczota , Tomasz Grzegorczyk , Alexander Pastukhov

In many cases the Nash equilibria are not predictive of the experimental players' behaviour. For some games of Game Theory it is proposed here a method to estimate the probabilities with which the different options will be actually chosen…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-10 Cesco Reale

How attention scarcity effects the outcomes of a game? We present our findings on a version of the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (IPD) game in which players can accept or refuse to play with their partner. We study the memory size effect on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Uzay Çetin , Haluk O. Bingol

This paper presents research comparing the effects of different environments on the outcome of an extended Prisoner's Dilemma, in which agents have the option to abstain from playing the game. We consider three different pure strategies:…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Marcos Cardinot , Maud Gibbons , Colm O'Riordan , Josephine Griffith

The theory of repeated games analyzes the long-term relationship of interacting players and mathematically reveals the condition of how cooperation is achieved, which is not achieved in a one-shot game. In the repeated prisoner's dilemma…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-20 Azumi Mamiya , Genki Ichinose

With the development of artificial intelligence, human beings are increasingly interested in human-agent collaboration, which generates a series of problems about the relationship between agents and humans, such as trust and cooperation.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-30 Danyang Jia , Xiangfeng Dai , Junliang Xing , Pin Tao , Yuanchun Shi , Zhen Wang

Matrix games like Prisoner's Dilemma have guided research on social dilemmas for decades. However, they necessarily treat the choice to cooperate or defect as an atomic action. In real-world social dilemmas these choices are temporally…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Joel Z. Leibo , Vinicius Zambaldi , Marc Lanctot , Janusz Marecki , Thore Graepel

The prisoner's dilemma has long been considered the paradigm for studying the emergence of cooperation among selfish individuals. Because of its importance, it has been studied through computer experiments as well as in the laboratory and…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-22 Bernardo A. Huberman , Natalie S. Glance

The paper studies the emergence and stability of cooperative behavior in populations of agents who interact among themselves in Prisoner's Dilemma games and who are allowed to choose their partners. The population is then subject to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Sobkowicz

The field of Game Theory provides a useful mechanism for modeling many decision-making scenarios. In participating in these scenarios individuals and groups adopt particular strategies, which generally perform with varying levels of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Francis Lawlor , Rem Collier , Vivek Nallur

Recent work highlights that cooperation in the one-shot Prisoner's dilemma (PD) is primarily driven by moral preferences for doing the right thing, rather than social preferences for equity or efficiency. By contrast, little is known on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-09 Valerio Capraro , Ismael Rodriguez-Lara , Maria J. Ruiz-Martos

Self-serving, rational agents sometimes cooperate to their mutual benefit. The two-player iterated prisoner's dilemma game is a model for including the emergence of cooperation. It is generally believed that there is no simple ultimatum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jin-Li Guo

Reciprocity is an important feature of human social interaction and underpins our cooperative nature. What is more, simple forms of reciprocity have proved remarkably resilient in matrix game social dilemmas. Most famously, the tit-for-tat…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Tom Eccles , Edward Hughes , János Kramár , Steven Wheelwright , Joel Z. Leibo