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It is classically known that complete flat surfaces in Euclidean 3-space are cylinders over space curves. This implies that the study of global behaviour of flat surfaces requires the study of singular points as well. If a flat surface $f$…
In a previous work, the authors gave a definition of `front bundles'. Using this, we give a realization theorem for wave fronts in space forms, like as in the fundamental theorem of surface theory. As an application, we investigate the…
We investigate helicoidal (screw) surfaces generated not only by regular curves but also by curves with singular points. For curves with singular points, it is useful to use frontals in the Euclidean plane. The helicoidal surface of a…
In this survey article we introduce the notion of frontals, which provides a class of generalised submanifolds with singularities but with well-defined tangent spaces. We present a review of basic theory and known studies on frontals in…
We study singularities and geometric properties of surfaces given by the singular loci of normal congruence of frontals with pure-frontal singular points. These surfaces consist of the normal ruled surface and focal surfaces of the initial…
We characterize singularities of focal surfaces of wave fronts in terms of differential geometric properties of the initial wave fronts. Moreover, we study relationships between geometric properties of focal surfaces and geometric…
It is known that the class of developable surfaces which have zero Gaussian curvature in three dimensional Euclidean space is preserved by the parallel transformations. A tangent developable surface is defined as a ruled developable surface…
We investigate vertices for plane curves with singular points. As plane curves with singular points, we consider Legendre curves (respectively, Legendre immersions) in the unit tangent bundle over the Euclidean plane and frontals…
We study focal surfaces of (wave) fronts associated to unbounded principal curvatures near non-degenerate singular points of initial fronts. We give characterizations of singularities of those focal surfaces in terms of types of…
We solve the problem on flat extensions of a generic surface with boundary in Euclidean 3-space, relating it to the singularity theory of the envelope generated by the boundary. We give related results on Legendre surfaces with boundaries…
We study a generalization of constant Gauss curvature -1 surfaces in Euclidean 3-space, based on Lorentzian harmonic maps, that we call pseudospherical frontals. We analyze the singularities of these surfaces, dividing them into those of…
We give criteria for which a principal curvature becomes a bounded $C^\infty$-function at non-degenerate singular points of wave fronts by using geometric invariants. As applications, we study singularities of parallel surfaces and extended…
This is a survey article on recognition problem of frontal singularities. We specify geometrically several frontal singularities and then we solve the recognition problem of such singularities, giving explicit normal forms. We combine the…
Any ruled surface in Euclidean 3-space is described as a curve of unit dual vectors in the algebra of dual quaternions (=the even Clifford algebra of type (0,3,1)). Combining this classical framework and Singularity Theory, we characterize…
We apply the local removable singularity theorem for minimal laminations and the local picture theorem on the scale of topology to obtain two descriptive results for certain possibly singular minimal laminations of $\mathbb{R}^3$. These two…
We prove that any strongly regular Weingarten surface in Euclidean space carries locally geometric principal parameters. The basic theorem states that any strongly regular Weingarten surface is determined up to a motion by its structural…
We give the complete solution to the local diffeomorphism classification problem of generic singularities which appear in tangent surfaces, in as wider situations as possible. We interpret tangent geodesics as tangent lines whenever a…
It is given the diffeomorphism classification on generic singularities of tangent varieties to curves with arbitrary codimension in a projective space. The generic classifications are performed in terms of certain geometric structures and…
For Legendre curves, we consider surfaces of revolution of frontals. The surface of revolution of a frontal can be considered as a framed base surface. We give the curvatures and basic invariants for surfaces of revolution by using the…
We investigate helicoidal surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean space whose profile curves are frontals. Using the framework of Legendre curves and framed surfaces, we establish conditions under which helicoidal surfaces generated by…