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Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality that can be conveniently used to classify suspicious breast nodules and potentially detect the onset of breast cancer. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) techniques have shown…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Hamza Rasaee , Hassan Rivaz

The inherent "black box" nature of deep neural networks (DNNs) compromises their transparency and reliability. Recently, explainable AI (XAI) has garnered increasing attention from researchers. Several perturbation-based interpretations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xuran Hu , Mingzhe Zhu , Zhenpeng Feng , Miloš Daković , Ljubiša Stanković

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

The last decade of machine learning has seen drastic increases in scale and capabilities. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being deployed in the real world. However, they are difficult to analyze, raising concerns about using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Tilman Räuker , Anson Ho , Stephen Casper , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Interpretability has become incredibly important as machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decisions. We propose to construct global explanations of complex, blackbox models in the form of a decision tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

With dramatic improvements in optimization software, the solution of large-scale problems that seemed intractable decades ago are now a routine task. This puts even more real-world applications into the reach of optimizers. At the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch

As the discipline has evolved, research in machine learning has been focused more and more on creating more powerful neural networks, without regard for the interpretability of these networks. Such "black-box models" yield state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Lachlan O'Neill , Simon Angus , Satya Borgohain , Nader Chmait , David L. Dowe

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

For the highly imbalanced credit card fraud detection problem, most existing methods either use data augmentation methods or conventional machine learning models, while neural network-based anomaly detection approaches are lacking.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tungyu Wu , Youting Wang

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) are inherently interpretable models that factor model decisions into human-readable concepts. They allow people to easily understand why a model is failing, a critical feature for high-stakes applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Yue Yang , Artemis Panagopoulou , Shenghao Zhou , Daniel Jin , Chris Callison-Burch , Mark Yatskar

Building on existing work with Hyperblocks, which classify data using minimum and maximum bounds for each attribute, we focus on enhancing interpretability, decreasing training time, and reducing model complexity without sacrificing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Austin Snyder , Ryan Gallagher , Boris Kovalerchuk

This paper claims that machine learning models deployed in high stakes domains such as medicine must be interpretable, shareable, reproducible and accountable. We argue that these principles should form the foundational design criteria for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ayyüce Begüm Bektaş , Mithat Gönen

AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because tool-use failures are difficult to diagnose and control. Agents may skip required tool calls, invoke tools unnecessarily, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

A rich line of research attempts to make deep neural networks more transparent by generating human-interpretable 'explanations' of their decision process, especially for interactive tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA). In this work,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Arjun Chandrasekaran , Viraj Prabhu , Deshraj Yadav , Prithvijit Chattopadhyay , Devi Parikh

We propose DeepMiner, a framework to discover interpretable representations in deep neural networks and to build explanations for medical predictions. By probing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained to classify cancer in mammograms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jimmy Wu , Bolei Zhou , Diondra Peck , Scott Hsieh , Vandana Dialani , Lester Mackey , Genevieve Patterson

Without any means of interpretation, neural networks that predict molecular properties and bioactivities are merely black boxes. We will unravel these black boxes and will demonstrate approaches to understand the learned representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kristina Preuer , Günter Klambauer , Friedrich Rippmann , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Unterthiner

Interpretability is a crucial aspect of machine learning models that enables humans to understand and trust the decision-making process of these models. In many real-world applications, the interpretability of models is essential for legal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-18 Shree Charran R , Sandipan Das Mahapatra

Mechanistic interpretability is often motivated for alignment auditing, where a model's verbal explanations can be absent, incomplete, or misleading. Yet many evaluations do not control whether black-box prompting alone can recover the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziqian Zhong , Aashiq Muhamed , Mona T. Diab , Virginia Smith , Aditi Raghunathan

In recent years, deep neural networks have showcased their predictive power across a variety of tasks. Beyond natural language processing, the transformer architecture has proven efficient in addressing tabular data problems and challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Anton Thielmann , Arik Reuter , Benjamin Saefken

In recent years, a number of artificial intelligent services have been developed such as defect detection system or diagnosis system for customer services. Unfortunately, the core in these services is a black-box in which human cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Jaedeok Kim , Jingoo Seo