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Schematic maps are in daily use to show the connectivity of subway systems and to facilitate travellers to plan their journeys effectively. This study surveys up-to-date algorithmic approaches in order to give an overview of the state of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-08-16 Hsiang-Yun Wu , Benjamin Niedermann , Shigeo Takahashi , Martin Nöllenburg

This paper introduces a novel graph-analytic approach for detecting anomalies in network flow data called GraphPrints. Building on foundational network-mining techniques, our method represents time slices of traffic as a graph, then counts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Christopher R. Harshaw , Robert A. Bridges , Michael D. Iannacone , Joel W. Reed , John R. Goodall

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing remains a critical threat to IoT networks, enabling attackers to intercept, modify, or disrupt data transmission by exploiting ARP's lack of authentication. The decentralized and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anas Ali , Mubashar Husain , Peter Hans

It is well known that when IoT traffic is unencrypted it is possible to identify the active devices based on their TCP/IP headers. And when traffic is encrypted, packet-sizes and timings can still be used to do so. To defend against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Aviv Engelberg , Avishai Wool

Mapper algorithm can be used to build graph-based representations of high-dimensional data capturing structurally interesting features such as loops, flares or clusters. The graph can be further annotated with additional colouring of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Ciara Frances Loughrey , Nick Orr , Anna Jurek-Loughrey , Paweł Dłotko

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, targeted cyberattacks designed to gain unauthorized access to systems and remain undetected for extended periods. To evade detection, APT cyberattacks deceive defense layers with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Ngoc Hoang , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Accurately estimating traffic variables across unequipped portions of a network remains a significant challenge due to the limited coverage of sensor-equipped links, such as loop detectors and probe vehicles. A common approach is to apply…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-28 Nandan Maiti , Manon Seppecher , Ludovic Leclercq

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a significant security risk to organizations and industries. These attacks often lead to severe data breaches and compromise the system for a long time. Mitigating these sophisticated attacks is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Ehsan Hallaji , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Mehrdad Saif

Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Jamie Hayes , George Danezis

Data representation plays a critical role in the performance of novelty detection (or ``anomaly detection'') methods in machine learning. The data representation of network traffic often determines the effectiveness of these models as much…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Kun Yang , Samory Kpotufe , Nick Feamster

Network intrusion detection systems and antivirus software are essential in detecting malicious network traffic and attacks such as denial-of-service and malwares. Each attack, worm or virus has its own distinctive signature.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Monther Aldwairi , Yahya Flaifel , Khaldoon Mhaidat

High-bandwidth covert channels pose significant risks to sensitive and proprietary information inside company networks. Domain Name System (DNS) tunnels provide a means to covertly infiltrate and exfiltrate large amounts of information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-04-27 Kenton Born , David Gustafson

In the context of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT), a proliferation of wireless connectivity can be expected. That ubiquitous wireless communication will be hard to centrally manage and control, and can be expected to be opaque to end…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-19 Sandra Siby , Rajib Ranjan Maiti , Nils Tippenhauer

In this paper we focus on the detection of network anomalies like Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and port scans in a unified manner. While there has been an extensive amount of research in network anomaly detection, current state of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Tahereh Babaie , Sanjay Chawla , Sebastien Ardon

Encryption-based attacks have introduced significant challenges for detection mechanisms that rely on predefined signatures, heuristic indicators, or static rule-based classifications. Probabilistic Latent Encryption Mapping presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Mohammad Eisa , Quentin Yardley , Rafael Witherspoon , Harriet Pendlebury , Clement Rutherford

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become more prominent recently, both in frequency of occurrence, as well as magnitude. Such attacks render key Internet resources unavailable and disrupt its normal operation. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Michael Kallitsis , Stilian Stoev , George Michailidis

The rapidly increasing number of smart devices on the Internet necessitates an efficient inspection system for safeguarding our networks from suspicious activities such as Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) probes. In this research, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Yuwei Sun , Hideya Ochiai , Hiroshi Esaki

Change-point detection has garnered significant attention due to its broad range of applications, including epidemic disease outbreaks, social network evolution, image analysis, and wireless communications. In an online setting, where new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-26 Zihan Wang

Users' website browsing history contains sensitive information, like health conditions, political interests, financial situations, etc. Some recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of inferring website fingerprints based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Han Wang

As cyber attacks continue to increase in frequency and sophistication, detecting malware has become a critical task for maintaining the security of computer systems. Traditional signature-based methods of malware detection have limitations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Khatoon Mohammed