Related papers: Link Crossing Number is NP-hard
It is known that the unknotting number $u(L)$ of a link $L$ is less than or equal to half the crossing number $c(L)$ of $L$. We show that there are a planar graph $G$ and its spatial embedding $f$ such that the unknotting number $u(f)$ of…
We present, to the best of the authors' knowledge, all known results for the (planar) crossing numbers of specific graphs and graph families. The results are separated into various categories; specifically, results for general graph…
In this paper we investigate formal verification problems for Neural Network computations. Of central importance will be various robustness and minimization problems such as: Given symbolic specifications of allowed inputs and outputs in…
There have been many attempts to solve the P versus NP problem. However, with a new proof method, P not equal NP can be proved. A time limit is set for an arbitrary Turing machine and an input word is rejected on a timeout. The time limit…
In this paper, we show that it is NP-hard to determine whether a given graph admits a min-1-planar drawing. A drawing of a graph is min-$k$-planar if, for every crossing in the drawing, at least one of the two crossing edges involves at…
NP complete problem is one of the most challenging issues. The question of whether all problems in NP are also in P is generally considered one of the most important open questions in mathematics and theoretical computer science as it has…
Some classical graph problems such as finding minimal spanning tree, shortest path or maximal flow can be done efficiently. We describe slight variations of such problems which are shown to be NP-complete. Our proofs use straightforward…
The problem of Distance Edge Labeling is a variant of Distance Vertex Labeling (also known as $L_{2,1}$ labeling) that has been studied for more than twenty years and has many applications, such as frequency assignment. The Distance Edge…
Decision-theoretic troubleshooting is one of the areas to which Bayesian networks can be applied. Given a probabilistic model of a malfunctioning man-made device, the task is to construct a repair strategy with minimal expected cost. The…
A knotted ribbon is one of physical aspect of a knot. A folded ribbon knot is a depiction of a knot obtained by folding a long and thin rectangular strip to become flat. The ribbonlength of a knot type can be defined as the minimum length…
In this paper we discusses the relationship between the known classes P and NP. We show that the difficulties in solving problem "P versus NP" have methodological in nature. An algorithm for solving any problem is sensitive to even small…
We determine for which complex numbers on the unit circle the Levine-Tristram signature and the nullity give rise to link concordance invariants.
We completely classify the computational complexity of the list H-colouring problem for graphs (with possible loops) in combinatorial and algebraic terms: for every graph H the problem is either NP-complete, NL-complete, L-complete or is…
We prove that deciding whether the Runner can win this turn (mate-in-1) in the Netrunner card game generalized to allow decks to contain an arbitrary number of copies of a card is weakly NP-hard. We also prove that deciding whether the Corp…
Research on fractal networks is a dynamically growing field of network science. A central issue is to analyze fractality with the so-called box-covering method. As this problem is known to be NP-hard, a plethora of approximating algorithms…
The maximum graph bisection problem is a well known graph partition problem. The problem has been proven to be NP-hard. In the maximum graph bisection problem it is required that the set of vertices is divided into two partition with equal…
A supervised learning algorithm has access to a distribution of labeled examples, and needs to return a function (hypothesis) that correctly labels the examples. The hypothesis of the learner is taken from some fixed class of functions…
We prove that it is NP-complete to decide whether a given (3-dimensional) simplicial complex is collapsible. This work extends a result of Malgouyres and Franc\'{e}s showing that it is NP-complete to decide whether a given simplicial…
Many real networks feature the property of nestedness, i.e. the neighbours of nodes with a few connections are hierarchically nested within the neighbours of nodes with more connections. Despite the abstract simplicity of this notion,…
We show that the following unlinking strategy does not always yield an optimal sequence of crossing changes: first split the link with the minimal number of crossing changes, and then unknot the resulting components.