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Consider an $N\times N$ hermitian random matrix with independent entries, not necessarily Gaussian, a so called Wigner matrix. It has been conjectured that the local spacing distribution, i.e. the distribution of the distance between…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kurt Johansson

We prove universality at the edge for rescaled correlation functions of Wigner random matrices in the limit $n\to +\infty$. As a corollary, we show that, after proper rescaling, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. eigenvalues of Wigner random hermitian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Alexander Soshnikov

We consider $N\times N$ symmetric or hermitian random matrices with independent, identically distributed entries where the probability distribution for each matrix element is given by a measure $\nu$ with a subexponential decay. We prove…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Laszlo Erdos

We establish the following universality property in high dimensions: Let $X$ be a random vector with density in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The density function can be arbitrary. We show that there exists a fixed unit vector $\theta \in \mathbb{R}^n$…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-04-28 Bo'az Klartag

We present new explicit upper bounds for the smoothness of the distribution of the random diagonal sum $S_n=\sum_{j=1}^nX_{j,\pi(j)}$ of a random $n\times n$ matrix $X=(X_{j,r})$, where the $X_{j,r}$ are independent integer valued random…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-03 Bero Roos

In this paper, we consider the universality of the local eigenvalue statistics of random matrices. Our main result shows that these statistics are determined by the first four moments of the distribution of the entries. As a consequence, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-06-30 Terence Tao , Van Vu

Let $X=(x_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times n}$ be a rectangular random matrix with i.i.d. entries (we assume $N/n\to\mathbf{a}>1$), and denote by $\sigma_{min}(X)$ its smallest singular value. When entries have mean zero and unit second moment,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Yi Han

Let $M_n$ denote a random symmetric $n \times n$ matrix whose upper diagonal entries are independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variables (which take values $1$ and $-1$ with probability $1/2$ each). It is widely…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Asaf Ferber , Vishesh Jain

Some properties that nominally involve the eigenvalues of Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) can instead be phrased in terms of singular values. By discarding the signs of the eigenvalues, we gain access to a surprising decomposition: the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-27 Alan Edelman , Michael La Croix

We consider a product of an arbitrary number of independent rectangular Gaussian random matrices. We derive the mean densities of its eigenvalues and singular values in the thermodynamic limit, eventually verified numerically. These…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-06-28 Z. Burda , A. Jarosz , G. Livan , M. A. Nowak , A. Swiech

We develop a unified approach to bounding the largest and smallest singular values of an inhomogeneous random rectangular matrix, based on the non-backtracking operator and the Ihara-Bass formula for general random Hermitian matrices with a…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Ioana Dumitriu , Yizhe Zhu

We develop new techniques for proving lower bounds on the least singular value of random matrices with limited randomness. The matrices we consider have entries that are given by polynomials of a few underlying base random variables. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Aditya Bhaskara , Eric Evert , Vaidehi Srinivas , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

Let $(\varepsilon_{t})_{t>0}$ be a sequence of independent real random vectors of $p$-dimension and let $X_T=\sum_{t=s+1}^{s+T}\varepsilon_t\varepsilon^T_{t-s}/T$ be the lag-$s$ ($s$ is a fixed positive integer) auto-covariance matrix of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Qinwen Wang , Jianfeng Yao

We prove that when suitably normalized, small enough powers of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomial of random Hermitian matrices, drawn from one-cut regular unitary invariant ensembles, converge in law to Gaussian…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Nathanaël Berestycki , Christian Webb , Mo Dick Wong

Let $\a$ be a complex random variable with mean zero and bounded variance $\sigma^{2}$. Let $N_{n}$ be a random matrix of order $n$ with entries being i.i.d. copies of $\a$. Let $\lambda_{1}, ..., \lambda_{n}$ be the eigenvalues of…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-02-29 Terence Tao , Van Vu

In this paper, we consider the singular values and singular vectors of finite, low rank perturbations of large rectangular random matrices. Specifically, we prove almost sure convergence of the extreme singular values and appropriate…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-27 Florent Benaych-Georges , Raj Rao Nadakuditi

We propose a technique for calculating and understanding the eigenvalue distribution of sums of random matrices from the known distribution of the summands. The exact problem is formidably hard. One extreme approximation to the true density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-27 Ramis Movassagh , Alan Edelman

Products of $M$ i.i.d. random matrices of size $N \times N$ are related to classical limit theorems in probability theory ($N=1$ and large $M$), to Lyapunov exponents in dynamical systems (finite $N$ and large $M$), and to universality in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Dang-Zheng Liu , Dong Wang , Yanhui Wang

We study the universal properties of distributions of eigenvalues of random matrices in the large $N$ limit. The distributions fall in universality classes characterized entirely by the support of the spectral density.

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 J. Ambjorn , G. Akemann

Random matrix models consisting of normal matrices, defined by the sole constraint $[N^{\dag},N]=0$, will be explored. It is shown that cubic eigenvalue repulsion in the complex plane is universal with respect to the probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-28 Gary Oas